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Memory Revision PSYA1

1. The working memory model BADDELY AND HITCH

   • THE PHONOLOGICAL LOOP is split into 2 sections (1) the PHONOLOGICAL STORE, which holds spoken words for 1-2 seconds (2) ARTCULATORY PROCESS, ths acts like an inner voice rehersing info from phonological store, and from a maintanence rehersal
     • VISUO SPATIAL-SKETCHPAD. this; stores, analyses and manipulates visual info - it also displays and manipulates visual info held in LTM. LIMITED CAPACITY
       • THE CENTRAL EXECUTIVE directs attention t particular tasks. it controls the hpoonological loop and the visuo spatial sketchpad. it decides which system is required and coordinates th retrieval of info from LTM
         • EPISODIC BUFFER is a general storage space for both acoustic and visual material. it ntergrates info from the central executive, phonological loop, visuo spatial sketchpad and LTM. has LIMITED CAPACITY
   • STRENGTH: the WMM can explain a number of research findings that can't be explained by the MSM. the word length effect and partial memory difficulties experienced by patients such as KF
   • WEAKNWSS: the central executive is vaguely defined. and doesnt really explain anything. it may consist of seperate components
   • WEAKNESS: evidence from brain damaged patients may not be informitive because you cannot make 'before and after' comparisons, so it is not clear wether changes in behaviour are caused by damage. also the process of the brain injury is traumatic, which may in itself change behaviour

2. MULTI STORE MEMORY ATKINSON AND SHIFFRIN

   • the MSM of memory consists of three distinct stores: Sensory, STM, AND LTM. info passes through each store in a fixed sequence- capacity and duration limits
   • SENSORY = stred in this store for v. brief time before decaying.. or if paid attention to it transfers into STM
   • STM = contains only small amount of info. info largely encoded acousically. STM can decay if too acoustically encoded. can be lost if not rehersed.
   • LTM = potentially can last for lifetime - memories in LTM stored semantically
   • PRODUCES TESTABLE PRDICTIONS :which is importsnt for scientific process to enable theory testing and verifycation
   • STM is not entirely seperat from LTM (RUCHKIN ET AL. fund participants brain activity was different when they processed real words
   • study supports SMS as it reinforces the idea of info being transferred from STM to LTM through rehersal

3. STRATEGIES FOR MEMORY IMPROVEMENT

   • VISUAL IMAGERY- METHOD OF LOCI