Acids and Bases

Acids and Bases

1. Acids

   • sharp, sour taste
   • <7 on pH scale
   • Sources
     • Vinegar-Ethanoic Acid
     • Citrus Fruits- Citric Acid
     • Carbonic Acid: Fizzy Drinks
   • Burn into clothes, metals and flesh
     • yep, it's true
   • Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)
   • Sulphuric Acid
   • Turns blue litmus red
     • Red in methyll orange

2. Bases

   • Mild Bases: Soap, Toothpaste
   • Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) caustic soda
   • Alkali is a base soluble in water.
   • Turns red litmus blue
     • Yellow in methyll orange
   • <7 on pH scale
   • Strong = corrosive!

3. Indicators

   • Is a substance which tells you by means of a colour change, whether a substance is an acid or a base.
   • Methyll Orange
     • Universal Indicator
   • Litmus

4. Titration

   • Methyll Orange Indicator
   • Acid on top in burette, Base on bottom in conical flask
   • Hydrochloric Acid + Sodium Hydroxide = Sodium Chloride + Water
     • HCl + NaOH = NaCl + H2O
   • End point when indicator in conical flask turns orange
     • Solution in conical flask put in an evaporating basin and evaporated off

5. pH Scale

   • Ranges from 1-14