Intellectual Development

Intellectual Development

1. Intelligence

   • The ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge

2. Theories of intelligence

   • Spearman’s General Intelligence
     • A general mental ability
       • Underlies multiple specific skills
         • Verbal, spatial, numerical and mechanical
   • Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences
     • Independent multiple intelligences exist
       • Representing unique skills and talents

3. Criticism of Intelligence Testing

   • IQ tests are biased in favor of white, middle-class people

4. Human intelligent

   • Mental quality, abilities, experience, knowledge
     • Psychologists
       • Agreed that adaptation to the environment is the key to understanding
     • Effective adaptation
       • Draws upon a number of cognitive processes
     • Intelligence
       • Has come to be regarded not as a single ability but as an effective drawing together of many abilities

5. Perception

   • The process whereby sensory stimulation is translated into organized experience

6. Memory

   • The encoding, storage, and retrieval in the human mind of past experiences
     • Memory
       • Is both a result of and an influence on perception, attention, and learning
     • The basic pattern
       • Consists of attention to an event followed by the representation of that event in the brain
     • Practice
       • Results in a cumulative effect on memory and enables activities

7. Reasoning

   • It is the faculty or process of making logical, comprehensive and synthesized deductions
     • Deductive
       • It goes from the general to the particular
     • Inductive
       • It goes from the particular to the general

8. Problem resolution

   • It is a systematic search through a variety of possible actions to reach a predefined goal
     • Divergent
       • Generate a diverse variety of possible alternative solutions to a problem
     • Convergent
       • Try to reduce multiple possibilities to find a single and best answer to a problem

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