Topics 21,22,23

Topics 21,22,23

1. Migrationin the past and present

   • Migration in the past
     • Mobility is a human’s characteristic. In many ways, the history has shown people's movement from one place to another,even from one continent to another. Thanks to the migrations, humanity began knowingits surroundings and adapted, which caused changes in its body, in its way of life and organization.
     • Migration and modernity
       • In modernity, in the 16th century, millions of people left Europe to conquer, almostalways by force, new territories in America, Africa and Oceania. In some cases that actionreached genocide. With the development of commercial relations, around 10 million peoplefrom Africa were violently displaced andsubjected to slavery by the colonial system, mainlyin America.
       • Globalization
         • With globalization, conditions were created for countries to eliminate customs barriers andproducts and capitals circulate around the world without restrictions, supported by thedevelopment of the leading economy and knowledge economy. The migration of thebusiness sector and highly qualified professionals from poor countries to First Worldcountries was facilitated.
         • Migration in Latin American
           • The current population of Latin America is the result of several migrations that have takenplace from the first settlements to the present.

2. Migration: a global question.

   • The majority situation
     • It is sometimes thought that migration is a problem only for migrants or for the countries that receive it. But the truth is that now more than ever, migration isa true global issue, not onlybecause of the huge number of people who move, but because of the impact it hason the international community.
     • Coexistence in the country of destination
       • Usually, before traveling, people who migrate already think where they will arrive and havecontacts to look for work.
       • Relationship between nationals and foreigners
         • The level of education, age, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, being male or female, one'snationality, religion and other characteristics significantly influence the transfer to anothercountry, whether regular or not, and for living together in the country of destination.
           • Women and migration
             • There is little talk about women and migration, but certainly many women have migrated. Others, on the other hand, have stayed and face the impacts of migration.
             • Refugees
               • There is very frequent news of people who have died in rafts trying to reach the shores of Europe, or groups that they challenge border barriers to go from one country to another.

3. Countries and migration

   • Countries of origin, transit and destination
     • Countries of Origin, are the places where it was born and places where migration begins, transit countries, are the intermediate places on the road between the country of origin and the country of destination,Destination Countries are places that where people want to emigrate.
     • The case of Ecuador
       • In 2007, Ecuador became a country of origin, a country of transit, as a destination country, Ecuador has also been a country of origin since 1999 with the departure of more than 950 000 people having as destinations Spain and Italy.
       • The decision to migrate
         • A lot of information, aspirations and concrete possibilities come into play when making the decision to leave the habitual residence and go elsewhere.
         • Migration policies
           • The States have two areas of responsibilities: first, on the fulfillment of the rights of thepeople who live in the country, which also extends to the international sphere; the secondhas to do with state security.