Fractional distillation of crude oil

Fractional distillation of crude oil

1. Crude oil is a mixture of lots of different hydrocarbons

2. The substances in crude oil can be separated by the process called FRANCTIONAL DISTILLATION

3. Coal, crude oil and gas are all fossil fuels

4. fossil fuels are made from dead plants and animals that are buried for millions of years

5. This is what happens during fractional distillation

   • The oil is heated until most of its has turned into gas
   • The gasses enter a tall tower called fractionating column
   • In the column its hot at the bottom and gets hotter as you go up the column.
   • Hydrocarbons with high boiling points leave the column near the bottom

6. You end up with the crude oil mixture separated out into groups of hydrocarbons

7. These groups are called fractions

8. Each fractions contains a mixture of hydrocarbons with smaller boiling points

9. The separated fractions are much more useful than crude oil.

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