COGNITIVE THEORY

COGNITIVE THEORY

1. Divided into:

   • -Social Cognitive Theory: Developed in 1986 and propounded that learning occurs in a social context with dynamic and reciprocal interaction based on three factors.
     • - Cognitive Behavioral Theory: Developed by Aaron Beck, it describes the role of cognitive skills in determining and predicting the behavioral pattern of individuals.
     • Behavior
     • Environmental
     • Personal

2. Pioneers

   • Jean Piaget
     • George Miller
       • Jerome Bruner
         • Albert Bandura
           • Through this theory, psychologists seek to understand how children learn through, among other things, cognitively processing and storing social experiences.
         • Bruner and Miller founded the Harvard Center for Cognitive Studies. This department made cognitivism a serious and respected science.
       • Miller, turning away from behaviorism, sought to study cognitive processes through studying language learning and use.
     • He believed that learning was an active process of creating knowledge within an individual’s mind.

3. Examples

   • Problem-Solving
     • Concept Mapping
       • Hypothesizing
         • Critical Analysis
           • A history student analyzes the French Revolution by considering different perspectives, evaluating sources, and piecing together factors. It involves breaking down facts, checking their validity, and creating a complete picture of historical cause and effect.
         • In a biology class, students guess what happens to a plant without sunlight, using their knowledge. These guesses lead to hands-on experiments, helping them connect classroom learning with real-world experience.
       • Visually organizing and representing relationships between ideas.
     • Puzzle solving: When you’re faced with a jigsaw puzzle, you must analyze the individual pieces, consider their unique shapes and the image they contain, and determine how they fit together into a complete picture, engaging critical thinking and assessment skills.

4. Process of the cognitive learning theory

   • -Perception: recognising the environmental stimuli and the action while responding to the stimuli
     • -Concept Formation: helps to organize information in different categories.
       • -Memory: The foundation of the cognitive learning process as it helps to store and recover learned information.
         • -Application: application of new information or skills in real-life situations