Contributions to the atomic model

Contributions to the atomic model

1. Niels Bohr Model (1913)

   • The characteristics of Niels Bohr's (1913) atomic model were:
     • Electrons describe stable circular orbits around the nucleus of the atom without radiating energy, the larger the orbit the greater the energy the electron possesses.
     • Electrons can only be found in certain orbits, (not all orbits are allowed). The distance from the orbit to the nucleus is determined by the quantum number. (n=1, n=2, n=3…): Orbit radius (in Angstroms) - r = 0,529 * n^2
     • Electrons only emit or absorb energy in jumping orbits. In these jumps, a photon is emitted or absorbed whose energy is the difference in energy between the two levels determined by the formula:

2. Sommerfeld Model (1916)

   • The characteristics of Sommerfeld's (1916) atomic model were:
     • Within the same energy level, (n) there are different sublevels. There are not only circular orbits but also, elliptical orbits determined by the azimuthal quantum number (I) that takes values from 0 to n-1: • I = 0 - shape of the s orbital • I = 1 - shape of the p orbital • I = 2 - forms the d orbital • I = 3 - forms the f orbital, The electron is an electric current.

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