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memory

1. key concepts

   • information processing
     • input- the process of data entry
     • encoding- Sensory information that is changed so that we make sense of the information
     • storage- store information to use at a later time.
     • Retrieval-ability to recover information from storage.
     • output- the process of using data after it has been retrieved
   • forgetting
     • accessibility- problems associated with retrieving information in storage
     • availability- problems associated with information no longer being stored

2. multi store model (core theory)

   • limitations
     • the model puts It puts too much of emphasis on the importance of rehearsal
       • because somethings don't need to be rehearsed in order to be remembered.
         • therefore it is not accurate
     • the model is rigid and ignores individual differences.
       • it does not explain why other people a bigger capacity for memory than others.

3. Terry (2005)

   • aim-to whether a position of a TV ad in a series of adverts affected how well it was remembered.
   • method- parrticpants were undergraduates(students) they were shown fiteen 20 second commercials
     • then the order of the commercials were changed and they were shown again. he used a repeated measures design
       • half the students were allowed to recall the adverts straight away and one group had to do a written activity task
   • findings- he found a serial position affect-where a advert is placed in a sequence will affect how it is recalled
     • when allowed to recall immediately he found a primacy and recency effect
       • when recall was delayed affect was okay but recency declined.
         • the last advert seen had been displaced by the distraction task: the first ones had been rehearsed.
   • conclusion- memory of adverts is not effected by there meaning but by there serial position. Adverts in the middle of then series were poorly recalled because STM was running out of space.
   • limitations- lacks ecological validity- it is not like anything you would do in real life therefore does not apply to everyone.
     • the experiment may suffwer from demand characteristics- the participants mayhave wanted to please the researcher and changed the results by concentrating really hard therefore does not apply to everyone.

4. alternative theory- levels of processing

   • shallow processing- remember the general but not the specific
   • deep processing- you remember something because you give it meaning
   • no different stores for memory
   • time capacity and duration have no importance its whether you give something meaning.

5. application of knowledge

   • revision
     • memory cues- once in long term memory cues ca help access information (e.g. smelling something familiar in the past and memory comes back)
   • mnemoncis- an acronym used to remember things (an apple a day keeps the doctor away)
   • mind maps- use colour and diagram to recall memory