Modern Atomic Theory

Modern Atomic Theory

1. Electromagnetic Radiation

   • It's energy transfered by light, so it doesn't need a cable or anything like that.
     • Used in:
       • Medic X-Rays
       • Microwaves
       • Radio Transmission
     • Moves by waves
       • That can be measured by:
         • Wavelenght
           • The distance between two wave peaks
         • Frequency
           • Number of waves per time period

2. Emission of Energy by Atoms (LIght)

   • Heat (for example fire) makes atoms absorb energy, the atom becomes excited, and releases some of that energy in the form of light
     • Different colors of light are due to different wavelenghts
     • Light is carried by photons
   • Light is both a wave and a stream of particles of energy

3. The energy levels of hydrogen

   • The lowest point is called ground state
     • This is after releasing the light photon
   • The color of the light also carries different levels of energy
     • Cold colors are stronger
       • This is why blue fire is hotter than red fire, and how astronomers determine the temparature of stars, by their color.
   • The energy contained in the photon corresponds to the change in energy the atom experiences
   • Different wavelenghts of light carry different amounts of energy per photon

4. Atmospheric Effects

   • Our atmosphere mantains radiation from the sun
     • It's made of ozone, which are 8³ molecules
     • It's responsible of the "greenhouse effect", but in a good way, the level that it has now is more due to the man-made gas roof
       • The ozone layer are O³ molecules, our emissions are CO², so it's "less strong", but it's so much that it's gradually affecting
     • The waves are kept bouncing back and forth inside our atmosphere

5. Wave Mechanical Model of the Hydrogen Atom

   • The atom model we all know is like our solar aystem orbit, in which electrons are surrounding the protons and neutrons
     • This is the Bohr Model
     • It had become clear that it was incorrect, and that the electrons were more like waves in an orbital, which are not like an orbit
       • Orbital: Instead of going in perfect circles around the center, in this case the protons/neutrons, the wave wanders in a "probable" path, but you can't be 100% sure it's going to follow that path
         • You can never know the details of electron motion

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