Chapter 6: Morphology

Chapter 6: Morphology

1. Morphology

   • The study of those basic elements in a language

2. Types of Free Morphemes

   • Lexical Morphemes
     • Nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs.
   • Functional Morphemes
     • Articles, conjunctions, prepositions and pronous.

3. Morphemes

   • Minimal unit of meaning or grammatical function
     • Example
       • Talk: talks, talker, talked and talking
   • We have 2 types of morphemes
     • Free Morphemes
       • Can stand by themselves as single words
         • Example
           • New and tour
     • Bound Morphemes
       • Forms that cannot normally satand alone and are typically attached to another form
         • Affixes
           • Example
             • Undressed

4. Derivational Morphemes

   • Is a linguistic term that refers to an affix added to a base or root word to create a new word with a different meaning or grammatical category.
     • Example
       • friend - friendship

5. Inflectional Morphemes

   • An inflectional morpheme is a linguistic term that refers to an affix added to a word to indicate grammatical information or to express various grammatical relationships within a sentence.
     • Example
       • walk - walking

6. Morphological Description

   • An inflectional morpheme never changes the grammatical category of a word

7. Morphs and Allomorphs

   • Morphs
     • Is the smallest grammatical unit in a language that carries meaning or serves a grammatical function.
   • Allomorphs
     • Is a variant of a morpheme that occur in different phonological contexts.
       • Example
         • Morpheme -s, can have different allomorphs, -z, -ɪz, -s

8. Other Languages

   • We can identify morphemes in other languages and patterns that show the basic types of morphemes to know how different forms are used in other languages to perform logical features and processes.