Contents First Bimester_English Syntax

Contents First Bimester_English Syntax

1. Unit 1. Syntax and Lexical Items

   • Word Classes
     • Criteria
       • Morphological: form of words
       • Semantic: meaning of words
       • Syntactic: structure of sentences
     • Classification
       • LEXICAL WORDS: content words, nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs.
       • FUNCTION WORDS: grammatical words with no meaningful content like determiners, conjunctions, prepositions, etc.
   • Sentences (Syntactic Analysis)
     • Structure / Internal Syntax
       • Specific words classes within a sentence.
     • Function / External Syntax
       • Parts of a sentences that perform a function.
   • Heads & Modifiers
     • HEADWORD: Essential and obligatory element in sentences.
       • Define the kind of Phrase
     • MODIFIER: modify the headword.
       • Complement (obligatory)
         • Provide meaning to the sentence.
       • Adjunct (optional)
         • Provide extra details
   • Grammar & Syntax
     • GRAMMAR: Entire system of rules to form and interpret words, phrases, and so on.
     • SYNTAX: A set of principles to define word order. Part of grammar
   • Morpho-Syntactic Criterion (Shape)
     • Affix
       • Prefix: Before a base word
       • Suffix: After a base word
     • Derivational Affixes
       • Adj. -to-N
       • Adj.-to-V
       • Adj. -to-Adj.
       • Adj.-to-Adv.
       • N-to-Adj.
       • N-to-V
       • V-to-N(abstract)
       • V-to-N(agent)
       • V-to-Adj.
     • Alter de meaning
   • Infectional Affixes
     • Grammatical Variats of the same word
     • Noun Plural (-s)
     • N. Possessive ('s)
     • V. PT. in 3rd Person (-s)
     • V. Past (-ed)
     • V. Past. Perf. Part. (-en)
     • Adj. Comparative (-er)
     • Adj. Superlative (-est)
   • Semantic Criteria (Meaning)
     • What speakers do with words
     • Verbs: Actions
     • Nouns: Entities
     • Adjectives: Condition or state
     • Adverbs: Place, manner, time, etc.
     • Prepositions: Different perspectives as time, location and place

2. Unit 2. Subject, Complements and Subcategorization restrictions

   • The subject
     • Word/String of words with coherence and a definite structure.
     • Types
       • Proper Nouns: Andres, Quito,
       • Pronouns: I, She, It, They, He, You
       • Article + common noun: A job / The wall
       • Plural common noun: pets, cats
       • Abstract noun: Freedom
       • Numeral + Common noun: three windows
       • Article + numeral + common noun: The five dogs
       • A clause: If you don't study, you will get a low grade.
   • Complement configuration of Nouns
     • No complement
       • The bike was destroyed.
         • BOOK: N
     • Prepositional Phrase (PP)
       • The Church of my city is being reconstructed.
         • CHURCH: N + PP
     • Infinitival Phrase (Inf. P)
       • My time to study is short.
         • TIME: N + Inf. P
   • Subject Roles
     • DOER (animate)
     • INSTRUMENT (inanimate, manipulate being)
     • EXPERIENCER (animate / human)
     • CAUSER (animate or inanimate)
   • Complements
     • SUBJECT COMPLEMENT
       • Predicate nominative (PN)
       • Predicate adjective (PA)
       • Completes meaning of linking verbs
     • VERB COMPLEMENT
       • Direct Object
         • Who or What receives the action.
       • Indirect Object
         • To whom of For whom the action is done.
       • Completes meaning of action verbs
       • Types of verb complements
         • No complement
         • With infinitives
         • With gerunds
         • With Noun clause
       • Types of Verbs
         • Intransitive V.
           • Excludes N.P
         • Intransitive locative prepositional V.
           • Excludes N.P; Needs P.P
         • Transitive V.
           • Needs N.P
         • Transitive Prepositional
           • Requires N.P and P.P
         • Ditransitive V.
           • Twice transitive
             • Two N.P
         • Copula & Linking V.
           • Needs a Adj. P; N.P; or P.P
     • OBJECT COMPLEMENT
       • Modify the object.
       • Noun Phrases
       • Adjectives
       • Prepositional Phrases
     • ADJECTIVE COMPLEMENT
       • Adj. Alone
       • Prenominal Adj.
       • Adj. followed by Prepositional Phrases
       • Adj. followed by Infinitves
       • Adf. followed by clauses
       • Provide meaning to the sentence.

3. Unit 3. Syntactic Linkage according to the Grammatical Functions

   • Syntactic Linkage
     • Agreement Concord
       • Relationship between elements
         • NP and VP
       • Types
         • FORMAL grammar structures
         • NOTIONAL meaning
       • Relations of Agreement
         • Subject-Verb agreement and Subject pronouns
           • Number Agreement
           • Subject agree with Verb - Number of DOERS
           • Only in Simple Present Tense
       • RULES
         • Subject before preposition OF is singular or plural agrees with V.
         • Singular Subjects - Singular Verb
           • "Or" "Either...Or" and "Neither ... Nor"
         • Singular and Plural Subjects - Agree with N. or Pronoun closest
           • "Or" "Either...Or" and "Neither ... Nor"
         • Sing. or Plural N. connected with "AND"
           • Verbs always in Plural
         • Singular Subj. - Verb in singular
           • "Along with;" "As well as"
         • N. after "OF" in singular - singular V.
           • Percent, fraction, majority, some, all, etc
           • Plural N. - Verb in Plural
     • Government
       • Relation word - dependents
       • CASES
         • NOMINATIVE
           • Nouns/Pronouns as Subject
         • GENITIVE
           • Apostrophes
           • Prep. OF
           • Possessive Pronoun
         • ACCUSATIVE (DATIVE)
           • Direct Ob.
             • N. directly affected by action.
               • Complement Clauses
               • Relative/Adverbial Clauses
               • Infinitive Clauses (to)
               • -ing Clause
           • Indirect Ob. Dative
             • "To Whom" or "For Whom"
           • Oblique Ob.
             • Receive D.O as I.O
             • Transposition I.O
     • Number, Person and Gender in English
       • NUMBER
         • Singular
         • Plural
         • Noun, pronoun, verbs Adj, (demonstrative, possessive)
       • PERSON
         • Subject - Verb relationship
         • First Person
         • Second Person
         • Third Person
       • GENDER
         • Male
         • Female
         • Neuter / Common

4. By: Cristina Guajala & Lady Soto