METALS

METALS

1. How are they obtained?

   • Mining
     • Raw materials
     • Surface and underground mines
     • Physical processes
       • Ore
       • Gangue
   • Metallurgy
     • Ore
     • Physical and chemical processes
       • Finished products

2. Classification

   • Ferrous
     • Cast iron
       • Properties
         • Not malleable & ductile, not weld, not much mechanical resistance, cheaper than steel
       • Uses
         • Difficult shapes, street lamps, engines, pistons...
     • Steel
       • Properties
         • Very good mechanical resistance, malleable and ductile, easy to weld, little resistant to corrosion it alloys with chrome & nickel-stainless steel
       • Uses
         • A lot structures, tools, furniture, cars, trains
     • Pure iron
       • Properties
         • Magnetic, rust easily, fragile
       • Uses
         • Electrical, electronic components. Rately used
   • Non-ferrous
     • Ultra-light
       • Density
         • 2kg/dm3
       • Examples
         • Magnesium, Beryllium
     • Light
       • Density
         • 2.5kg/dm3
       • Examples
         • Alluminium, Titanium
     • Heavy
       • Examples
         • Lead, Cooper, Zinc, Tin, Nickle
       • Density
         • 5kg/dm3

3. Properties

   • Solid
   • Melt
     • Weld
   • Conductors
     • Electrical, thermal, acoustic
   • Bright
   • Ductile
   • Mechanical resistance
   • Malleable
   • Magnetic
   • Recycled & reused

4. Substances that come from minerals which are parts of rocks