research instruments

research instruments

1. questionnaires

   • types:
     • closed, open or mixed
   • what is it?
     • instrument used to collect information through questions.
   • topics
     • They can range from behaviors and knowledge to opinions, motives, expectations, and the identity of the respondent.
   • uses
     • evaluations, group of people, research

2. interviews

   • what is it?
     • directed conversation between two or more people (questions and answers) aimed at obtaining information
   • guys
     • work, clinics, journalism, etc.
   • procedures
     • presentation, development and conclusion
   • data analysis
     • patterns, themes, and meanings in the interviewee's responses to understand the depth of their experience and perspective.
   • uses
     • from qualitative research to personnel selection and communication

3. content analysis

   • text or media content
     • refers to any form of information or communication transmitted through the media
   • potential
     • understand production patterns and media effects
   • sources
     • Resources or materials that provide data, facts, research, and opinions on a specific topic
   • procedures
     • Defining the Objective 2. Selecting the Sample 3. Developing the Coding Scheme 4. Coding the Content 5. Analyzing and Interpreting the Data
   • quantitative models
     • They focus on the collection and analysis of numerical data to identify patterns, trends, and relationships in the content.
   • qualitative models
     • techniques for examining non-numerical data
   • uses
     • Identify patterns and themes in communications, revealing underlying meanings.

4. focus groups

   • definition
     • small group of people, usually 6 to 10, discuss a specific topic under the guidance of a moderator.
   • purposes
     • obtain in-depth and qualitative information on a specific topic
   • advantages
     • possibility of exploring complex topics in depth, generating rich data and observing social interaction.
   • uses
     • explore in depth the perceptions, feelings, and thoughts of a group of people on a specific topic.

5. observations

   • gathering information about a phenomenon or situation through sensory perception and detailed documentation
   • planning
     • It involves clearly defining the objective of the observation, identifying the elements to be observed, selecting the appropriate instruments and establishing a protocol for recording and analyzing data.
   • realization
     • It involves the use of different tools to systematically record and analyze data.
   • topics
     • measurement scales, observation guides or comparison sheets
   • data analysis
     • observation guides, observation sheets and records
   • uses
     • collect data directly, without manipulating the environment