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1. GUI (WIMP)

   • Windows
     • a rectangular area on the screen where the commonly used applications run
   • Icons
     • a picture or symbol which is used to represent a software application or hardware device
   • Menu
     • a list of options from which the user can choose what they require
   • Adevantages
     • This type of user interface is easy to use, especially for a beginner
     • It is easy to explore and find your way around the system using a WIMP/ GUI interface
     • You do not have to learn complicated commands
     • There are usually a reasonable 'help' system included with WIMP interfaces
     • You get the benefits of WYSIWYG
     • They let you exchange data between different software applications
   • Disadvantages
     • GUIs take up a much larger amount of hard disk space than other interfaces
     • They need significantly more memory (RAM) to run than other interface types
     • They use more processing power than other types of interface
     • They can be slow for experienced programmers to use. These people often find CLI interfaces much faster to use
   • Pointers
     • a symbol such as an arrow which moves around the screen as you move your mouse. Helps you to select objects.

2. Command Line

   • A Command Line Interface allows the user to interact directly with the computer system by typing in commands (instructions) into a screen
   • You cannot just type in any kind of instruction of course, because the computer will only react to a definite set of words
   • Before Windows was developed, this type of user interface was what most people used to get the computer to follow instructions. Nowadays, very few people have the knowledge to be able to use a command line interface
   • Advantages
     • If the user knows the correct commands then this type of interface can be much faster than any other type of interface
     • This type of interface needs much less memory (RAM) in order to use compared to other types of user interfaces
     • This type of interface does not use as much CPU processing time as others
     • A low resolution, cheaper monitor can be used with this type of interface
   • Disadvantages
     • For someone who has never used a CLI, it can be very confusing
     • Commands have to be typed precisely. If there is a spelling error the command will fail
     • If you mis-type an instruction, it is often necessary to start from scratch again
     • There are a large number of commands which need to be learned - in the case of Unix it can be hundreds

3. Menu Interface

   • This type of interface lets you interact with a computer or device by working your way through a series of screens or menus.
   • Cashpoint machines (ATMs) are another good example of a menu driven interface
   • Advanatages
     • Extremely easy to use. Someone who has never seen the interface before can work out what to do
     • There are no commands to learn or remember
     • Step-by-step options are given so that the user doesn't have to remember anything
   • Disadvantages
     • A poorly designed menu interface may be slow to use
     • It can be irritating if there are too many menu screens to work through - users get annoyed or bored if it takes too long
     • You often can't go to the exact place you want right at the start. You have to work your way through the menu screens even if you know where you want to get to.
     • The menu can take up a large part of the screen so you have to keep flicking back and forwards between applications
     • If the menu is poorly designed it might be hard to read e.g. writing is too small for people with poor sight, colours might clash and be difficult to read, font style might be hard to read

4. Speech and sound

   • This type of interface allows the user to speak or type in their normal everyday language in order to interact with the computer
   • Advantages
     • The user does not need to be trained in how to use the interface
     • More flexibility than a dialogue interface
     • Suitable for physically handicapped people
   • Disadvanatages
     • Reliability remains an issue - the interface can only respond to commands that have been programmed
     • Highly complex to program and so only warrants this kind of interface where other types of interface are unsuitable

5. Touch Sensitive

   • Touch sensitive interfaces can be found on many mobile devices such as a smart phone or a tablet computer
   • Advantages
     • Intuitive to use
     • You can see all of the options available
     • Do not need good ICT skills such as typing to be able to use
     • Most touch screens are fixed to a larger device so there is less chance of them being removed, lost or stolen (unlike keyboards
     • Can be adapted for many uses e.g. cashpoint machine, shop, ticket sales office, garage
   • Disadvantages
     • Need to understand the language or the meaning of the icons
     • Only limited options can be offered
     • If the screen becomes damaged it might not pick up the touch command
     • The screen could become scratched or dirty so it is difficult to see the options available
     • No so good in bright sunshine as the screen is hard to see

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