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STM and LTM

1. Encoding: The way how information is stored in memory, there are 3 types of encoding:

   • Visual (can involve pictures)
   • Acoustic (can involve similar words-rhyming)
     • Acoustic coding: Repeating information over to ourselves (involving mainly STM using repetition)
   • Semantic (can involve words which have similar meanings- chucky and beefy)
     • Semantically coding words in terms of their meaning- this generally occurs in LTM and can also include visual (seeing camel on holiday)

2. Millner (1956) reviewed the research into the capacity of the STM and found that people can remember 7 +2 or -2 items. He also said we remember more using memory improvement strategies such as chunking, which helps us to memorise numbers much easier