Steps qualitative

Steps qualitative

1. richness of data

   • difficult to interpret
     • guard against
       • failing to carry out true analysis
         • large amounts of data
           • not governed by codified rules
             • different approaches
               • coding key concept
                 • can lead to fragmentation and decontextuising
                 • narrative analysis
                   • emphasises stories that people tell over course of interview
                     • secondary analysis becoming more prominent
     • a thicket of prose

2. analytical induction

   • hypothetical definition
     • collection of data
       • universal explanations
         • until no cases are inconsistent with hyptothesis
           • either
             • redefine hypothesis
             • refurmulate
               • further data
   • extremely rigorous
     • not popular

3. grounded theory

   • iterative
     • repetitive interplay
       • between collection and analysis
         • analysis starts
           • after some of the data collected
             • implications shape next data collection
   • inductive approach
     • theoretical sampling
       • coding
         • data broken down into component parts
           • given names
             • not preconcireved concepts
               • researchers intrepretations
                 • different levels of coding
         • Theoretical saturation
           • new data no longers adds to concept
           • constant comparison
             • close connection between
               • data and conceptualisation
                 • so correspondance and link between data and conceptulalisation is not lost
             • coded under a certain category
               • so theoretical elaboration can emerge
                 • categories and connection main results of study
   • outcomes
     • concepts
       • labels
         • building blocks
       • categories
         • elaborated concept
           • two or more concepts
             • hypothesis
               • initial hunche
                 • theory
                   • well developed categories
                     • formal theory
                       • higher level of abstraction
                         • wider range
   • Stages
     • theory
       • relevant people sampled
         • collect data
           • code data
             • constant movement between these steps
               • comparision of indicators
                 • categories generated
                   • relationships
                     • further data to saturation
                       • emerging hypothesis
                         • formal theory
   • criticisms
     • can suspend awarness of relevant theories ?
       • researchers conditioned by what they see
         • research are can be too tightly restricted re funding
           • time taken
             • will it actually result in a theory
               • inconsistent use of key terms
                 • characterisation is not easy

4. narrative analysis

   • analysis of stories
     • how do people make sense of what happened

5. basic operations

   • coding
     • reviewing transcripts
       • giving labels
         • appear to be salient
           • label
             • separate
               • compile
                 • organise
             • indexing
     • constant state of revision and fluidity
       • data constantly compared
         • data treated as indicators
     • open coding
       • breaking down
         • examining
     • axial coding
       • data are put back
         • make connections between categories
           • linking codes to context
             • cosequence
               • patterns of
                 • interactions and causes
     • Selective coding
       • selecting core category
         • systematically relating it to other categories
           • validating relationships
             • filling in categories
               • core category is a central issue or focus around which other categories are integrated
     • different stages of coding
       • inital
         • very detailed
           • openminded
             • generate many new ideas
               • first step
                 • make sence of codes
       • selective / focused
         • decisions about categorising
     • code as soon as can
       • read through
         • do again
           • review codes
             • generate general theories
               • dont worry about too many codes
                 • Turn data into fragments
                   • can resulted into fragmented data
                     • narrative flow lost

6. secondary analysis

   • allow for further intrepretations

7. can also use computer assisted analysis

   • NVivo