Chapter 8: Memory Management

Chapter 8: Memory Management

1. Background

   • stall
   • Cache
   • Registers
     • Base
     • Limit
   • Hardware Address Protection
   • Address Binding
   • Binding of Instructions
     • Compile time
     • Load time
     • Execution time
   • Address Space
     • Logical address
       • Logical address space
     • Physical address
       • Physical address space
   • Memory-Management Unit (MMU)
     • relocation register
   • Linking
     • Dynamic
     • Static
     • stub
     • stub
     • shared libraries

2. Swapping

   • Backing store
   • Roll out
   • roll in
   • Context Switch Time
     • double buffering
   • Swapping on Mobile Systems

3. Contiguous Memory Allocation

   • partitions
     • Resident operating system
     • User processes
   • Multiple-partition allocation
     • Variable-partition
     • Hole
   • Dynamic Storage-Allocation Problem
     • First-fit:
     • Best-fit:
     • Worst-fit

4. Segmentation

   • Segment table
     • base
     • limit
   • Segment-table base register (STBR)
   • Segment-table length register (STLR)

5. Paging

   • frames
   • page table
     • Implementation of Page Table
       • Page-table base register (PTBR)
       • Page-table length register (PTLR)
       • translation look-aside buffers (TLBs
     • Structure of the Page Table
       • Hierarchical Page Tables
         • Two-Level Paging
           • Address-Translation Scheme
         • Three-level Paging Scheme
       • Hashed Page Tables
       • Inverted Page Table
   • page
     • Page number (p)
     • Page offset (d)
   • Paging Hardware
   • Associative Memory
   • Memory Protection
     • Valid-invalid
   • Shared Pages
     • Shared code
     • Private code and data

6. Structure of the Page Table

7. Example: The Intel 32 and 64-bit Architectures

8. Example: ARM Architecture

9. Fragmentation

   • External
     • compaction
   • Internal