The Periodic Table

The Periodic Table

1. Periods

   • In each period (horizontal row), the atomic numbers increase from left to right.

2. Groups

   • Alkali Metals
     • Elements lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium, occupying Group IA (1) of the periodic table.
   • Alkaline Earths
     • Any of the elements beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium, occupying Group IIA (2) of the periodic table.
   • Noble Gases
     • These gases all have similar properties under standard conditions.
   • Halogens
     • Any of the elements fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine, occupying group VIIA (17) of the periodic table.
   • Metalolids
     • Properties are intermediate between those of metals and solid nonmetals.
   • Non-Metals
     • An element or substance that is not a metal.
   • Other Metals
     • These elements, unlike the transition elements, do not exhibit variable oxidation states, and their valence electrons are only present in their outer shell.

3. Rows

4. Valence Electrons

   • The valence electrons (VE) are the electrons in the outer shell of an atom.

5. Electronic Configuration

   • The distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule

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