FORTRESS EUROPE / PACIFIC SOLUTION

FORTRESS EUROPE / PACIFIC SOLUTION

1. EU trying to align asylum policy

   • establishing an illiberal framework
     • for reasons of geography the issue is more important for some than others
   • CHRONOLOGY
     • 1951 - State determination
       • 1985 - Schengen tired to establish drive towards commonality
         • relax internal barriers and strengthen external barriers
         • 1990 - Dublin Convention
           • State of first arrival
           • Carriers legislation (£10,000 a head)
           • 1992 - London
             • Manifestly Unfounded Applications for asylum (passed through safe countries)
               • WHITELIST
                 • Germany - all bordering states
                 • Jack Straw 3 lists
                   • Safe
                   • Applications from state of Origin
                   • Applications in Europe
             • 1997 - Amsterdam Treaty
               • 2004 date for common asylum policies
               • rush to Lowest Common Denominator
                 • LCD Rush to 2004
                   • UK Promoting the Push
                     • VOUCHERS
                     • Marriage restrictions
                     • Dispersal Programme
                     • Immediate Applications (timreframe
                     • English Language test
                     • 'VOLUNTARY' Schemes
                       • financial assistance/ Return Ticket
                       • cash allowances and Swiss healthcare (6 months)
                       • temporary protection for large scale flowa

2. TAMPA AFFAIR

   • 2001 - people fleeing the Middle East to Australia
     • HOWARD - right wing Government in Oz
       • ILLIBERAL stand as a platform for re-election
   • AUGUST 2001 - Norwegian 'TAMPA' sets sail
     • boat full of asylum seekers gets into trouble
       • UN convention means they are obliged to help
       • new boat only has facilities for 50 people, NOT allowed to disembark in Oz
         • NAURU - Island state offered $20m to take refugees
           • Christmas Island 'not part of Oz' for people seeking asylum
           • 2008
             • 30% repatriated, 40% granted, 30% resettled
               • Indonesians repatriated
               • 2012
                 • 7000 arrival in Oz in last 2 years
                   • PM Julia Gillard tried to return to Pacific Solution but was blocked