Geography, topography and resources of Egypt and its neighbours

Geography, topography and resources of Egypt and its neighbours

1. The Nile (Iteru)

   • Three Seasons
     • Akhet - inundation
     • Peret - planting
     • Shemu - harvest
   • Main form of transportation
   • Cataracts formed natural boundary
   • Herodotus called Egypt "the gift of the Nile"
   • Provided natural resources - mud for bricks, papyrus for paper
   • Source of drinking water

2. Two Lands

   • Black Land (Kemet)
     • Upper Egypt (Ta-Shema) - narrow river valley
     • Lower Egypt (Ta-Mehu) - fertile Delta marshlands
     • Upper and Lower Egypt created the "two lands"
   • Red Land (Deshret) - Desert and cliffs

3. Resources

   • Crops
     • Barley
     • Emmer
   • Vegetables
     • Onions
     • Cucumbers
     • Lettuce
   • Fruits
     • Grapes
     • Figs
   • Animals
     • Sheep
     • Goats
   • Semi-precious Stones
     • Amethyst
     • agate
     • Carnelian
   • Metals
     • Copper
     • Gold
   • Natron
   • Reeds
     • Papyrus
     • Flax

4. Neighbours Resources

   • Lebanon
     • Cedar
   • Nubia
     • Gold
     • Ivory
     • Cattle
     • copper
     • Animal Skins
     • Feathers
   • Sinai
     • Turquoise
     • Copper
     • Malachite
   • Palestine & Syria
     • Cedar
     • Valuable Metals
       • Silver
       • copper
       • lead
     • grain & animals
     • Semi precious stones
       • Lapis Lazuli
       • Rock crystal
   • Punt (Modern Somalia)
     • Incense(from Myrrh resin and trees)
     • fragrant woods
     • Ebony
     • Animals
       • monkeys
       • Dogs
       • baboons
     • Gold
     • Ivory
     • Animals Skins (panther)
     • Antimony (mineral for eye cosmetic)
   • Afghanistan
     • Lapis lazuli
   • Naharin
     • Oil
     • Incense
     • copper
     • Gold
   • The Mediterranean
     • Olive Oil