GoConqr has a new look! Let us know what you think.

Sign up free

Flashcards

Sparta

Brianna McCarthy ancient history Higher School Certificate(HSC ) English 112 cards

Cards in this deck (112)

  1. 1Spartans received a fresh supply of water from which river?Eurotas
  2. 2By 750 BCE, the five villages that unified to form Sparta were...Amyklai, Kynosoura, Limnai, Mesoa and Pitana
  3. 3In the 5th century BCE, who wrote that "Sparta was such an insignificant place that in future times there would be no ruins to remind people that it had ever existed"? *Thucydides
  4. 4Thucydides quote about significcance"Sparta was such an insignificant place that in future times there would be no ruins to remind people that it had ever existed"? 5 CE
  5. 5A market place for trade and social life was called an ?Agora
  6. 6Which Spartan port provided shellfish for dye to colour clothing?Gytheum
  7. 7An Athenian poet from 5CE was known asEuripedes
  8. 8The monarchic aspect of Spartan government was known as the:Dual Kingship
  9. 9The aristocratic aspect of Spartan government was known as the:Gerousia
  10. 10Which of the following kings was part of the Agiad royal family?Cleomenes I
  11. 11According to Herodotus, which TWO social groups attended the funeral of a Spartan king?Spartiates and Periokoi
  12. 12How many ephors (magistrates) were elected each year?5
  13. 13Another term that best describes a "Spartiate" (equal) isHomoioi
  14. 14What was the approximate ratio of Spartans to helots? *10000: 200000
  15. 15What were the THREE requirements that made someone a Spartiate?Dorian Heritage, Educated in the Agoge and Syssition Member
  16. 16What was the main purpose of the syssition?To promote comradeship amongst the Spartans
  17. 17What does the term perioikoi mean?Dwellers around about
  18. 18Why did the perioikoi most likely accept their inferior position in Sparta?Had higher status than the helots, were left alone and had an important role in society
  19. 19What does Thucydides suggest Spartan society was based on?"Spartan policy with regard to the helots had always been based almost entirely on the idea of security."
  20. 20How were helots different to Athenian slaves?They were owned by the state and not by individuals
  21. 21What institution was used to control the helots?Krypteia
  22. 22Why was helot bravery a mixed blessing?Lead to freedom or death
  23. 23Men who were denied full Spartan citizenship and excluded from the ranks of the homoioi, and who were the sons of an illegitimate union between a Spartiate and a helot woman were known asParthenaiai
  24. 24Name 2 Spartan FestivalsCarnea
    Enyalia
  25. 25Standard fighting formationPhalanx
    - platoons of 8x4
    - Shoulder to shoulder wall formation
  26. 26Men carrying heavy armour and weappns, primary fightersHoplites
  27. 27ShieldHoplon
    - Argive shield was the shield with the leather strap and handle near the rim
  28. 28Pressfield on paintings on hoplonsSpeaks of a warrior who was known to have painted a fly on his hoplon, with the goal of "getting so close to the enemy that the fly would look like a lion"
  29. 29Body ArmourLanellar
    - layering of leather and linnen
  30. 30Spear and swordDory and xiphos
  31. 31Tyraeus poem on armyLet us fight with courage for our country, and for our children/ let us die and never spare our lives
  32. 32Devisions of the armymorai - drawn from the five obai
  33. 33Soldiers who guarded the king in battleHeppei - 300 men
  34. 34Euripides on Laconian geographyThe area of Laconia has “much arable land but is not easy to cultivate, for it is hollow, surrounded by mountains, rugged, and difficult for enemies to invade..”
  35. 35Bordering ranges of LaconiaArcadeian ranges, mennenia, mt. Taygetos, Parnon ranges
  36. 36Resources of LaconiaLimestone and marble from the mountains
    Port at Gytheon
    Wood from forests
  37. 37Defensive centre for invasionsAcropolis -
    wasn't walled, like other greek city states
    Meeting place for gerousia
    Agore beside it
  38. 38Sanctuary of Spartan goddessSanctuary of Artemis Orthia
    - Temple of artemis orthia is inside, cheese stealing happened within
  39. 39Plutarch on the legitimacy of Lychurgus- Concerning Lycurgus the lawgiver, in general nothing can be said which is not disputed, since indeed there are different accounts of his birth, his travels, his death, and above all, his work as lawmaker and statesman
  40. 40Origins of dual kingshipAgiads, who lived around Sparta and the Eurypontids
  41. 41Roles of the kingsChief priest
    Military commander
    Judge
    Lawgiver
  42. 42Gerousia28 men over 60 + 2 kings
    Drafted laws and were able to refuse to pass a bill that has been voted for
    Tried cases involving the kings
    Elected for life
  43. 43Ephors5 members - one from each obai
    Thwart tyranny
    Decided on political issues put to the ekklasia
    Connecte with the 5 villiages and may have reported to the kings
  44. 44Ekklesia/ apella10000 homoios
    Voted on bills
    Met in open air on each full moon
    Elected gerousia and ephors
  45. 45Plot of landkleros
  46. 46Plutarch - Women"When an Ionian woman was priding herself on one of the tapestries she had made, a Spartan woman showed off her four most dutiful sons"
  47. 47Xenophon - Lychurgus - Women"Lycurgus considered slave girls adequate to produce clothing and thought that for free Spartan women, the most important job was for her to bear children"
  48. 48Evidence of boars as natural resourceKylix (cup or bowl) found depicting a spartiate hunting a wild boar
  49. 49Euripedes on geography and resources of SpartaThe area of Laconia has “much arable land but is not easy to cultivate, for it is hollow, surrounded by mountains, rugged, and difficult for enemies to invade..”
  50. 50Strabo on natural resources"And there are quarries of very rich marble"
  51. 51Sanctuary to spartan king and brideSantuary of Menelaus and Helen
    - Based off the myth of Helen of Troy
  52. 52Religious shrine that saw the hyakinthiaShrine of Apollo Hyacinthus
  53. 53Sources for LychurgusHerodotus and Aristotle
  54. 54Lychurgus' inspiration for changeIt is believed he consulted an oracle at Delphi
  55. 55Author of the Life of LychurgusPlutarch
  56. 56Most important changes made by Lychurgus, as accodring to Plutarch-Establishment of the Gerousia
    - Redistribution of land
  57. 57Term for good order and good governmentEunomia
    - emphasized by obedience to laws
    -What earned Sparta their admiration of other greeks
  58. 58Herodotus on Lychurgus“[Lycurgus] changed all the laws and made sure that these should not be transgressed"
  59. 59Plutarch - Lychurgus - ArtsPlutarch - “In the next place, he [Lycurgus] declared an outcry of all needless and superfluous arts”
  60. 60Xenophon - Lychurgus - general way of life"For it was not by imitating other states but by conceiving a system utterly different from that of most others that he showed his country to excel in prosperity "[eudaimonia
  61. 61Herodotus on role of kings“They are responsible for the safe-keeping of all oracles and certain definite legal matters are left to their sole decision.”
    "Hereditary generals"
  62. 62Herodotus on religious sacrifice - role of kingOn the first and seventh days of every month…offer in sacrifice in the temple of Apollo…
  63. 63Funeral of the king - As according to Herodotus- Women beat cauldrons as a signal for people, one man and one woman from each household, to put on special mourning clothes
    - There were communal displays of public grief – men and women struck their foreheads – there was wailing and praise of the deceased king as ‘the best ever’.
  64. 64Types of government in SpartaOligarcy, monarchy, aristocracy and democracy are all combined in this government
  65. 65Xenophon on EphorsSo the ephors have the power to fine anyone they wish, the right to secure payment on the spot, the right also to dismiss office
  66. 66Aristotle on gerousia and bribery/ corruption[The gerousia] have manifestly been guilty of taking bribes and have been corrupt enough to give away a lot of public property"
  67. 67Gerousia initiationOnce a candidate was declared, a procession to all temples in the city took place, followed by a special banquet and songs and verses were sung and cited in their honour. (Aristotle thought this was childish)
  68. 68Requirements for male citizenship• Male
    • Born from a father who is a citizen
    • Have gone through all stages of Spartan education system
    • Be 30 years old
    • Contribute to common meal
  69. 69Privileges of homoios• Take part and vote in ekklesia
    • Hold political office
    • Marry
    • Given land by the state
    • Given helots by the state
  70. 70Plutarch - Spartiate - Kleros“Lycurgus persuaded the citizens to pool all the land and then redistribute it afresh. Then they would all live on equal terms.”
  71. 71Dwellers aroundPeriokoi
    - Free inhabitants of Laconia who did not have legal citizenship
  72. 72Jobs and duties of PeriokoiCraftsmen, miners, traders
  73. 73Periokoi archaelogical evidenceBronze figurine of Hermes and an engraved gem found at Gytheum - trade and craft
    Bronze figurine of a bull
  74. 74Herodotus on Periokic war inclusion"with them went 5000 picked Lakedaemonian troops drawn from the outlying towns.”
  75. 75Plutarch on inferiors“Inferiors are required to give way in the street. And cannot be cheerful...if cheerful must be beaten by owners..
  76. 76Thucydides - Helots“constantly take most of their decisions with a view to precautions against the helots”
  77. 77Plutarch - Helots“helots tilled their ground for them, and paid them yearly in kind the appointed quantity”
  78. 78Finely on Helotsthey could keep surplus produce, they live with their own families and their own possessions, enjoyed their own cults “in general all the normal human institutions except their freedom”
  79. 79Population of Helots170000 to 2240000
  80. 80Secret policeKrypteia
  81. 81Evidence of Hoplite grooming and attireBronze statuette of a Spartan warrior wrapped in his military cloak displaying his carefully dressed hair.
  82. 82Infantry attireo Corinthian style helmet – very heavy and impared vision and hearing
    o Hoplon - shield
    o 3m spear
    o Stabbing Sword
    o Upper body armour and shin pacs
  83. 83Aristotle on women and land management"Nearly two fifths of the whole country are held by women; this owning to the number of heiresses and to the large dowries which were customary"
  84. 84Xenophon on womens educationPhysical training for the female sex was no less than for the male.... he arranged this... thinking that if both parents were strong their children would be more robust"
  85. 85Archealogical evidence of women - religion and women's clothingRelief showing a Spartan girls involved in a religious rite, lifting her veil and pouring wine into a cup
  86. 86Plutarch on agoge and education"The boys learned to read and write no more than was necessary. otherwise their whole education was aimed at developing smart obedience, perseverance under stress and victory in battle"
  87. 87Plutarch - Agoge“Each group individually aims at being outstanding, and collectively they protect the city with all their might if need arises. They are compelled to take care of their physical fitness.”
  88. 88Aristotle on kleros and economy“While some of the Spartan citizens have quite small properties, others have very large ones; hence the land has passed into the hands of a few. And this is due to faulty laws...”
  89. 89Iron ore weaponsAncient technologies in smelting ad casting metals were used
    the use of iron over bronze gave the spartans military advantage as it was stronger
  90. 90PotteryAll pottery and crafts were made by Periokoi
    Mould-made reliefs of terracotta baked clay found at most religious sites.
  91. 91Religion evidenceDioscuri relief showing the two brothers (Castor and Polydeuces) standing on either side of two tall amphorae; on the pediment above the figures two snakes support Leda’s eggs.
    1000s of votive offerings found to the Dioscuri at Amyclae.
  92. 92City state patronApollo
    - Appears with spear in hand at Amyclae
    - Revered for his skills in archery and never missed his mark
  93. 93Goddess concerned with growth and fertilityArtemis orthea
    - Cheese stealing ritual
    - Temple of artemis orthia
    - presided over childbirth and hunting
  94. 94Evidence of Karneia festivalCoins depicting Apollo Karneois as a horned god; horns also found carved on a stone with the inscription ‘to the Karneios’
  95. 95Stages of HyakinthiaSorrowful procession to amyklaion, a funeral meal and a day of griel
    Joyful stage, festive wreaths worn, a joyful humn to apollo was sung
  96. 96KarneiaHeld at sanctuary of karnos over 9 days
    9 men lived in the woods to commemorate the early spartiates
    rafts were also paraded to represent early dorians
    Catch the runner race
  97. 97Gymnopaediafestival of "unarmed dancing"
    Served to commemorate the spartans who died in the battle of Thyrea
    Phyric dancing, military style
    Sporting activities and competitions
  98. 98Evidence of bronze makingWeapons and armour found
    A bronze statue of Zeus described by Pausanias to be 5.5 metres of
  99. 99Ivory and bone carving200 found at the sanctuary of Artemis Orthia
    Bne and ivory was imported from Syria
  100. 100Bronze making techniqueSparta was famous for their bronze figures made by hammering thin bronze sheets over a mould
  101. 101Quote on pottery and painted vessels"Never just imitators, strong character of its own"
  102. 102Laconia 1 - Style of 7th centuryGeometric decoration
  103. 103Laconia 2 - Early 6th centuryDecorative bands and friezes, made up of animals and birds
  104. 104Laconia 3 - Late 6th centuryCharacterised by narrative from lifestyle or mythology
  105. 105Source for architecture NOTE: architecture was minimal and merely functionalPausanias in "Descriptions of Greece"
  106. 106description of sanctuary of artemis orthia architecturedescribed it as resembling a frame house with a row of columns down the middle and timbers along the sides
  107. 107Alkman quote“No even the hair of Nanno is not enough/ Nor the goddess-like Areta”
  108. 108Plutarch -View and validity"Lycurgus successfully persuaded Spartans to pool their land and then redistribute it in a fairer manner”
    Wrote 6-800 years after the decline of Sparta
  109. 109Herodotus - view and validity"Good Greeks fighting Persia"
    Wrote about the dual monarchy, spartan superstitions, warfare and women
    “Before they went into battle, the Spartans exercised and spent much time combing their long hair”
  110. 110ThucydidesDrew out the Sparta-Athens conflict as a key theme of his writing on the society
    “athens does not need to make its citizens spend their entire life training for the army to stand up and defend their land”
  111. 111Aristotle - views and reliabilityExplains the breakdown of the Spartan way of life, pointing to the decline in population and the gross inequality of property that developed as a major catalyst
    “When women are allowed to play such a major role in society, it is no wonder that that society is likely to decline”
  112. 112PausaniasAuthored "description of Greece" - "There is a place established here for athena of the City. It is also known as the House of Athena"

Information

Description
These notes are being built based on the 2016 HSC Ancient History topic of Sparta
Views
207
Rating

Feedback

What is it about?

What do you think of the new look?

How do you like it?