"I think I'm pregnant"

"I think I'm pregnant"

1. Breastfeeding

   • protects the mother from
     • nlksnblks
     • Osteoporosis
     • postpartum bleeding
     • Ovarian and Breast cancer
   • Protects the baby from
     • Diarrhea
     • Necrotizing enterocolitis
     • Respiratory tract infections
     • Obesity
     • SIDS

2. Pregnancy Risk factors

   • Reproductive Abnormalities
   • Age
   • Weight
   • Sexually transmitted diseases
   • Diabetes
   • Malnutrition
   • Sexual intercourse is NOT a risk factor

3. Immunological changes during pregnancy

   • Decidual immune responses
     • non-cytotoxic uNK cells and alternatively activated macrophages
   • peripheral immune response
     • innate immune system is activated and the numbers of monocytes and granulocytes significantly increase
   • Specific T-cell-mediated immunity
     • decrease in Th1/Th2 balance, regulatory T cells are increased

4. Important nutrients

   • Folic acid
     • Prevents neural tube defects
   • Calcium and VitD
     • Builds bones
   • Iron
     • aids in Hemoblobin production
   • Protein
     • Helps in amino acid production

5. Physiological changes

   • Weight gain (25-35 lb)
     • Baby: 8lb, Placenta: 2-3lb, Amniotic fluid: 2-3lb, Breast tissue: 2-3lb, Blood supply: 4lb, Fats: 5-9lb, Larger uterus: 2-5lb
   • Reproductive system
     • Enlargement and vascularization of uterus, ligaments relaxation, and the 4. Cervix Softens
   • Cardiovascular system
     • Increase in bloob volume and heart rate
   • Respiratory system
     • increase in respiratory rate and decrease in the volume

6. Hormonal changes

   • Increase
     • Estrogen
     • Progesterone
     • hCG
     • Erythropoietin
     • Thyroid
     • hCS
     • Relaxin

7. Signs of pregnancy

   • Amenorrhea
   • Nausea/ Vomiting
   • Heartburn
   • Breast tenderness
   • Urinary Frequency
   • Vaginal Discharge
   • Food cravings

8. After Birth

   • contraception
     • The intrauterine device
     • Emergency contraceptive pills
     • Barrier methods
     • Hormonal methods
     • male “pill”
   • Marital leave
     • 60 days
   • Hospital stay
     • 24 hours

9. Examinations of pregnancy

   • Physical: cardiac, abdominal, lung
   • Urine test (for hCG)
   • Blood test: Glucose, Hb, ...
   • Blood pressure