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memory

1. types of memory

   • STM, LTM and Sm
     • duration capacity and encoding
       • duration of STM
         • Peterson and peterson
           • nonsense trigrams and interferance task. Results - 3 seconds = 80% and 18 seconds = 10%
       • duration of VLTM
         • Bahrick et al
           • 392 freecall test, photo recognition test and name recognition test after school, Results - 15 years = 90% of names and faces, 30 years =30% accuracy
           • Capacity
             • JAcobs
               • presented with string of letters and digits repeat them back in the same order. Rsults 9 digits 7 letters
       • miller s magic number
       • Encoding
         • baddeley
           • our sets of words acoustically similar, dissimilar or semantically similar or disimilar. recall immediatly or after 20 minutes. REsults problem recalling acoustically similar words imediatly

2. Models of memory

   • multi-store model atkinson and shiffrin
     • support; recency and primacy effect and korskoffs syndrom
   • Working memory model baddeley and hitch
     • articulatory phonologoacl loop , central executive and visual- spatial sketchpad

3. EWT

   • misleading information
     • Loftus and palmer
       • film of a car crash asked what speed the cars hit each othe using smashed ,bumped collided , hit. Results ; smashed = 41mph and contacted = 32 mph
         • given hit smashed third was given no indication a week later asked did you see the broken glass. Results; smashed more likely to say they had seen broken glass
     • Loftus and Zanni
   • age
     • Valentine and coxon
       • watched video of kidnapping leading and non leading questions, old young and children. REsults ; elderly and children gave more incorrect answers to non leading questions
   • anxiety
     • Loftus
       • man with greasy hands and pen and man with blood and knifeidentify man from 50 photos
       • 49% = pen 33% = knife
   • cognitive interview - geiselmen et al

4. Strategies for memory improvement - mnemonics,the metod of loci, the peg-word technique, first letter mnemonic, mnemonic verses narrative stories

   • narrative stories -- Bower and Clarke
     • each group given 12 list one made a story up out of it, results recall was much better in the group that used narrative stories