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Nature of intelligence

1. brain activity

   • EEG and PET evidence for the ‘neural efficiency’ hypothesis of intelligence’?
     • Good performers may use a more limited number of brain regions and/or fewer neurons, thus requiring less glucose metabolism
   • More intelligence confers greater efficiency so such individuals do not need to work so hard to produce solutions to intellectual problems
   • High IQs associated with more complex waveforms
     • failure to replicate, favouring a negative ERP complexity-IQ correlation
   • ERP
     • when subjects are required to attend to stimuli being presented in order to make a decision about them
     • Reliable effect: shorter time between stimulus onset and early ERP components implies more rapid detection, analysis and processing of stimuli
       • Appears to be a genuine difference in speed of initial stimulus processing between high g and low g participants

2. INTELLIGENCE AS MENTAL SPEED

   • g= information processing rate
   • Variations in speed and efficiency of a basic processing mechanism claimed to be responsible for variations in g
   • The ability to detect or reach to a presented stimulus is correlated with IQ
   • Inspection Time task (IT)
     • reject the claim that IT could be used in place of IQ tests as measures of g.
     • a correlation of -.2 and -.34 with IT on Raven’s matrices and a test of verbal reasoning, respectively.
     • total of 1120 individuals across 31 studies, found a mean raw correlation of -.45 between IT and performance IQ.
     • Deary and Stough (1996) conclude that, on balance, a strong association exists between IT and fluid intelligence