Mind Map: Rocks

Mind Map: Rocks

1. Igneous

   • Exogenic
     • Above ground
       • Extrusive
         • Volcanic
           • Fertile when broken down
         • Basalt
           • Quick cooling lava
             • Giants Causway
               • Hexagonal blocks
           • Sea floor
             • most common in world
           • Dark, grey colour
           • Fine grains
           • Small crystals
           • <55% silica
   • Endogenic
     • Underground
     • Intrusive
       • Plutonic
       • Granite
         • cools slowly
         • Large crystals
           • Rough grains
         • Mica, feldspar, silica
           • >55% silica
           • Acidic
         • Leinster Batholith
         • Caps of Mts
         • Hard wearing
           • Counter tops
   • Volcanic activity
   • Latin for fire

2. Sedimentary

   • Mechanical
     • Sandstone
       • Red
       • 2nd most common in Ireland
       • Rough
       • Old red sandstone
         • Waterford, Cork & Kerry
         • Hot desert
       • Sand
         • Lithified in lake beds
         • South of equator
       • Rough to touch
       • Fine grains
       • Cemented with silica
       • Permeable
     • Conglomerates
     • Shale
   • Chemical
     • Gypsum
       • Shallow bays
         • Water evaporated
           • Salts/mineral left behind
       • Co. Cavan
         • Kingspan
       • Plasterboard
       • Mined
     • Chemically boned/created
   • Organic
     • Remains of plants
       • Coal
     • Remains of animals
       • Limestone
         • Fish & shells
           • 350 mill Y.A.
           • Under the sea
           • Fossoils
         • Calcium Carbonate
         • White in colour
           • Impurities turn it grey
         • Most common in Eire
           • Exposed
             • Karst
           • Burren
         • Cement & lime
           • Alkaline
         • Types
           • Chalk
           • Dolomite
   • Made on or near surface
   • Compressed sediments
     • Lithification
     • Cemented
   • Layers
     • Different rates
       • Oldest @ bottom
       • Newest @ top
     • Strata
       • Bedding planes

3. Metamorphic

   • Thermal (Contact)
     • Great heat
       • Cooked rocks
         • aureole
     • Volcanic intrusions
   • Regional
     • Heat & pressure
       • Limestone to Marble
         • Many colours
           • Impurities
           • Green, red white
         • Counters/floors
         • Iron oxide gives red
         • Serpentine gives green
   • Dynamic
     • Great pressure
       • foliation
     • Very hard rock
     • Slate
     • Fold Mts
     • Quartzite
       • From sandstone
       • Medium cyrstals
       • Non porus
       • Rod surfaces
   • Igneous or Sedimentary
     • Rock cycle
     • Heat & pressure

4. Human interaction

   • Mining
     • Open cast
     • Geothermal
     • Shaft
   • Drilling
     • Oil
     • Gas
   • Rock cycle
     • Melted
     • Cemented
     • Cooled & solidified