Mapa mental

Thermochemical principles

Billie Sims-Fowler Chemistry NCEA Level 2 Inglês

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Shapes of molecules
- Replusion pairs of electrons
  - Bonded/non-bonded
- Common shapes (must learn w/ angle
Bonding (Lewis structure)
- Ionic bonding
- Covalent bonding
Periodic trends
- Atomic radii
  - DOwn a group
  - Across a period
- Ionic radii
  - Negative ions
  - Positive ions
- Electronegativity (to determine polarity)
Electronic structure
- Ionisation energy
  - Factors
  - Defination
  - Equation
  - Endothermic processess
- Removal of electrons
- Electron configuration
Intermolecular forces
- Solubility (in water)
  - Able to hydrogen bond with water molecules (pg 43)
    - Ammonia gas (NH3)
    - Simple sugars
    - Lower molar mass alcohols
- Bond strength
  - Energy required to break bonds
- Forces (pg 39)
  - Temporary dipole (Weaker)
  - Hydrogen bonding (strongest)
  - Permanent dipole (Stronger)
- Heats of reaction (change in enthalpy) (pg 46)
  - Endothermic
    - Heat is absorbed
    - More energy required to break exisiting bonds
  - Exothermic
    - Heat is released
    - More energy is required to form new bonds
  - Activation energy
  - Entropy, enthalpy and spontaneous reactions
    - Phases changes
      - Definations of different types of enthalpy
    - Denfinations
    - Balancing reactions
    - Measuring enthalpy changes (pg 52)
      - Using Hess's law (pg 62)