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Henry VII

How

he came to the throne.

·

Henry

was grandson to Queen Catherine – last remaining Lancastrian with acclaim to

the throne at the end of the Wars of the Roses.

·

His

opportunity came when the unpopular Richard III took the crown from his nephew,

Edward V

·

In

1483 Henry tried to invade Richard but was beaten by bad weather

·

In

1485 he landed in Wales

and met Richard at the battle of Bosworth

·

With

support from the Stanleys Richard was defeated and killed

The

Yorkist Pretenders

·

In

attempt to make himself acceptable to the Yorkist, Henry married Edward the IV’s

eldest surviving heir, his daughter Elizabeth of York

·

Some

Yorkists refused to accept that the Wars of the Roses was over

·

1487

LAMBERT SIMNEL an Oxford

youth pretending to be the Clarences’s son, Earl of Warwick

·

After

the real Earl had been revealed in London,

Simenel was easily defeated by Henry at the Battle of Stoke. Some leading

Yorkists were killed, Simnel was made a royal servant.

·

PERKIN

WARBECK, the son of a Belgain servant, claimed to be the younger of the princes

in the tower.

·

Henry

was very angry and got support from Scotland,

Ireland, Burgundy and other European states.

·

The

rebels were soon defeated and Warbeck surrendered.

·

1499

Warbeck and the real Earl of Warwick were executed for plotting to escape from

the Tower

·

Henry

then established the Tudor Dynasty

Law

and Order

·

Henry

could not afford to avoid the power of nobility even if many of them had died

during the wars of the roses

·

Some

continued to keep private armies. They would threaten the peace, bully, bribe,

alter juries and generally defy the law

Finance

·

Henry

was able to balance his budget and even save money.

·

He

could afford to pay for a wedding of Arthur and Catherine of Aragon and

complete the building of King’s College Chapel, Cambridge

·

He

carefully developed ways to increase his income

·

He

carefully managed rents from the crown lands, increased by the confiscation of

Yorkist land after the battle of Bosworth and Stoke.

·

He

maintained money from the King of France and pressured parliament and the

church into enforcing taxation of gifts.

·

He

increased the income form customs duties and carried out trade privately

·

He

sold pardons to convicted criminals.

·

By

such methods Henry built up a reserve of treasure which was soon wasted in war

by Henry VIII

The

Economy

·

The

economy and trade was benefited from peace and the King’s prudent financial management.

·

Woollen

cloth continued to be a major export. Low countries

who often paid for it with American silver brought in by their Spanish masters

·

Henry

showed his support for Warbeck by ordering a trade ban

Ireland, Scotland

and Wales

·

Relations

with Ireland and Scotland

often caused Henry some problems.

·

The

Irish had supported Simnel and Warbeck.