Science test revision

Página 1

science test revision

core science

Página 2

Science test revision - Its elementry - Chemical reactions 20-24

20.

Describe the signs & evidence associated with chemical change (change in:

-change in temperature

-gas produced

-odor produced

- precipitate produced

-sound produced

-light produced

- solid disappears

-permanent colour change

21.

identify reactants and products in a chemical reaction (refer page in workbook for practice)

22.

identify that photosynthesis, respiration, combustion, corrosion are examples of chemical change that occur in everyday life

chemical changes are:

a change that produces a new substance

involves the breaking and forming of chemical bonds

difficult or impossible to reverse

photosynthesis -> Since new chemical species are formed, photosynthesis is clearly a chemical change.

respiration -> Since glucose is converted into new products with different composition, respiration is a chemical change.

combustion -> When organic molecules combust the reaction products are carbon dioxide and water

corrosion -> converts a refined metal to a more chemically-stable form

23.

write the word equations for the chemical reactions of photosynthesis, respiration, and combustion

photosynthesis -> energy + carbon dioxide + water = glucose and oxygen

respiration -> oxygen + glucose = water and carbon dioxide and energy

combustion -> A combustion reaction always has oxygen as one reactant. The second reactant is always a hydrocarbon, which is a compound made up of carbon and hydrogen.

corrosion ->iron + water + oxygen = corrosion

24

assess why society should support scientific research (e.g. developing new pharmaceuticals and polymers)

Página 3

Science test revision - All mixed up - 1-22

Kinetic theory of matter

1

Explain the kinetic theory of matter in terms of energy (motion), between particles and forces of attraction between the particles.

all matter is made up of particles

these particles are always moving

the particles are held together by forces vary in strength

2

use the kinetic theory of matter to explain the properties of each state of matter.

solids

particles are close together

particles are held tightly together

particles are not free to move

particles only can only vibrate in their fixed positions

liquid

particles are close together

particles are held less tightly than in solids

particles roll over one another

gas

particles are much further apart

particles are not held together

particles are free to move

particle collisions with container walls cause gas pressure

3

discuss the benefits and limitations of using models to classify matter.

Change of state

4

predict what happens to particles as substances are heated and cooled in terms of the kinetic theory of matter

cooling = slowed down particles can cause freezing

heating = speeds up particles can cause melting or gas

5

relate the physical changes and energy transfers during evaporation, condensation, boiling, melting, freezing, sublimation in terms of the kinetic theory of matter.

evaporation - liquid -> gas

boiling - liquid -> gas

melting - ice -> solid

condensation = water vapor + cold surface

freezing = liquid -> solid

sublimation - solid -> gas

6

identify the change in the state of water as it is heated or cooled

ice - solid - shape cannot be changed easily - cannot be compress

water - liquid - shape can be changed easily - cannot be compressed

air - shape can be changed easily - can be compressed

7

explain that density is a measure how much matter there is in an object, relative to how much space it takes up.

matter has a property called density. density is a measure of how much matter there is in an object (its mass) compared with how much space it takes (its volume)

the density of an object depends on how closely packed the particles are.

8

calculate density using the formula: density=mass/volume

Aqueous "a fourth state"

9

list the properties of water: liquid, transparent (clear), odorless and colorless, low viscosity, tasteless, boiling point 100 degrees C, melting point 0 degrees C

10

describe the importance of water as a solvent in daily life, industry and the environment.

11

distinguish between solute, solvent, and solution

solute dissolves in a solvent

solvent dissolves solute

solution = solvent + solute

12

identify an aqueous solution occurs when water is the solvent

cordial

13

Identify that water the solvent in an aqueous solution

14

compare soluble and insoluble substances in water

insoluble - coin

soluble -sugar

15

explain that the process of dissolving the result interactions of molecules and the solute particles

particles in solid are held together by forces

forces between water and solid particles pull solid apart - solid dissolves

forces between solid particles are so strong that it cannot be dissolved in water

16

explain the difference between dilute, concentrated, and saturated solutions.

dilute - low solute

concentred - high solute

saturated - as much as possible solute

17

distinguish between pure substances and mixtures and identify some common mixtures.

pure substances only contain 1 type of particle

mixed contain more than 1 type of particle

separating substances in a mixture

18

construct a flowchart to show how matter is classified into pure (elements and compounds)and impure substances (mixtures)

19

identify that a mixture is made up with 2 or more substances with different properties

20

identify soluble and soluble mixtures that are found in everyday life

fanta

orange juice

coca cola

lemonade

tea

21

describe and compare the following techniques used to separate insoluble mixtures: magnetism, hand sorting, sieving, separating, decanting, centrifuging.

magnetism - using a magnet to take a metallic object out of a mixture

hand sorting, - picking things out of a mixture with your hands or tweezers

sieving - separates solid particles of different sizes

decanting - undissolved solid sits at the bottom while a liquid is poured off

centrifuging - placed in a container and spun at high speeds

22

describe and compare the following techniques used to separate soluble mixtures: evaporation, crystallization, chromatography, distillation.

evaporation - liquid turns into gas leaving behind solid

crystallization - occurs when saturated solution evaporates slowly and arranges to form crystals

chromatography - separating solutions dissolved in solutions

distillation - evaporation but vapors are condensed and collected in a separate container

Página 4

Science test revision - rock your world - 1-24

structure of the earth

1

describe and label the structure of the earth (ore, mantle, crust, and lithosphere)

Rocks and minerals

2

distinguish between minerals and rocks

minerals - naturally occurring in the earth's crust, chemical (elements or compounds) structure formed by the geological process.

rocks - 1 or more minerals, physically mixed and cemented or fused together

3

identify the properties that geologists use to distinguish between different types of minerals.

colour, luster, crystal shape & size, streak, hardness, cleavage

4

using tables or classification keys identify some, minerals based on their properties

5

identify that rocks can be divided into 3 main groups, based on how they are formed: sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic rocks. using tables or classification keys to identify some common minerals based on their properties

igneous rocks

6

describe how igneous rocks are formed

molten rock or magma underneath the earth's crust

7

distinguish between different types of igneous rocks observable properties (pumice, basalt, granite, scoria, obsidian)

pumice - very light, buoyant

basalt - heavy, grey, smooth, small grains

granite - coarse, large grains, heavy

scoria - similar to pumice, heavier, darker in colour

obsidian - smooth, high lustre, black

sedimentary rocks

8

describe how sediment is deposited to form sedimentary rocks

weathering -> sediments get carried-> deposited-> compacted-> sedimentary rocks

9

distinguish between types of sedimentary rock (coal, limestone, conglomerate, sandstone, and shale)

coal - black, hard rock, fuel

limestone - made of marine skeletons

conglomerate - grey, made of different types of rocks

sandstone - beige, made of sand

shale - compact mud that has gone under lots of pressure

10

discuss how examination of sedimentary layers reveals information about earth history

the further the rock layers, the older the earth surface

11

state that the oldest rocks in sedimentary layers are at the base and the youngest at the top

fossils

12

identify that a fossil is evidence of a past life

13

describe the conditions under which fossils are formed

fossils are formed under heat and pressure

metamorphic rocks

14

describe how metaphoric rock is formed from other rock types

they are formed through the change of igneous and sedimentary rocks

melt and crystallise or squeezed and deformed

15

distinguish between some common examples of metamorphic rocks: slate, quartzite, marble and the parent rock

slate-parent rock: shale ->heat and pressure->slate

quartzite-contact metamorphosim-molten magma forced into cracks crust

marble-limestone->melts->recrystallises->marble

erosion and weathering

16

distinguish between erosion and weathering

erosion=In earth science, erosion is a processes that removes soil, rock, or dissolved material from one location on the Earth's crust, and then transports it to another location

weathering=the action of the weather conditions in altering the colour, texture, composition, or form of exposed objects specifically

17

give examples of how human activity causes a change to the earth's surface

mining, deforestation, building, global warming, pollution, highways, roads, cities, farming, damns, transportation, etc.

18

identify examples of chemical and physical weathering

chemical

Chemical Weathering from Water

Chemical Weathering from Oxygen

Chemical Weathering from Acids

Chemical Weathering from Living Organisms

physical

When water in a river or stream moves quickly, it can lift up rocks from the bottom of that body of water. When the rocks drop back down they bump into other rocks, and tiny pieces of the rocks can break apart.

Many rock surfaces have small crevices on them. Water can freeze in these crevices when it is cold, and then melt when the weather is warmer. This repeated freezing and thawing creates ice wedges, which can cause rocks to break.

Roots of plants growing into cracks may put pressure on the surrounding rock, eventually breaking rocks apart as the roots grow.

19

identify the agents of weathering and erosion

Water, ice, acids, salts, plants, animals, and changes in temperature

20

explain how rock weathers and how the process of erosion redistributes sediment

Weathering describes the breaking down or dissolving of rocks and minerals on the surface of the Earth.

rock cycle

21

identify that the rock cycle describes the constant reformation of rocks from one type into another in the lithosphere

land forms

22

research the processes (physical and chemical weathering, erosion and deposition) that form a range of landforms

Deposition is the geological process in which sediments, soil and rocks are added to a landform or land mass.

Science in action: mining

23

describe examples of how the understanding of science is used in the exploration, mining, and processing of minerals in Australia

coal

bauxite,ilmenite, iron ore, rutile and zircon; the second largest producer of gold, lead, lithium, manganese ore and zinc

24

recall how metals are mined and how valuable metal is extracted

mines and building production facilities

Página 5

Science test revision - Circle of life - 1-7

types of living organisms

1

recall the characteristics of living things

Move - parts of the body moves

Reproduce - produces offspring

Sensitive - responds & reacts to the environment around them

Gow - gets to adult size

Respire - turns food into energy

Excrete - gets rid of waste

Nutrition - needs food

2

recall that all living things are made up of cells - a cell is a building block of an organism

3

distinguish between plant and animals cells

organelles shared by both plant and animal: nucleus, cystol, cell membrane

organelles only plants have: chloroplasts, vacuole, cell wall

4

distinguish between unicellular and multicellular

classification

5

outline reasons why biologists classify living things

Biologists classify organisms to make it easier to study, analyze and research them.

6

use and construct dichotomous keys

A dichotomous key is a tool that allows the user to determine the identity of items in the natural world, such as trees, wildflowers, mammals, reptiles, rocks, and fish

a dichotomous key is a flowchart to classify living things

7

extract information from different types of classification keys