The System Unit - created from Mind Map

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System Unit

System Unit Types

Components

Expansion Slots & Cards

Bus Lines/Bus/Expansion Buses

Ports

Cables

Power supply

Numeric Representation

Character Encoding

System Chassis

System Unit

Container that houses most of the electronic components that make up a computer system

Contains system's electronic components and selected secondary storage devices

Laptops

Smartphone

Desktops

Waearables

Tablets

Memory

Microprocessor

System board

Volatile memory (loses its content when power is turned off)

Non volatile memory (does not lose contents when power is removed)

Random Access Memory (RAM) - chips hold program and data that the CPU is presently processing

Cache memory - temporary, high-speed holding area between the memory and CPU

Virtual memory- a memory management capabilities that uses hardware & software to allow a computer to compensate for physical memory shortages from RAM to disk storage

Read-only memory (ROM) - information stored by the manufacturer. contain special instructions

Flash memory - combines of the features of RAM and ROM, contains startup infromation

Two Basic Components of the CPU:

Specialty Processors

Multicore Chips

Control unit - tells the computer system how to carry out a program's instruction

Arithmetic-logic unit (ALU) - performs arithmetic and logical operations

Coprocessors - designed to improve specific computing operations

Designed to handle a variety of specialized tasks (3D images, encrypting data, etc)

Multicore Processors - Two or more separate and independent CPUs within a system unit

Parallel Processing - Computer's ability to divide tasks into parts that can be distributed across each core

System board/main board/motherboard controls communication for the entire computer system

Sockets & Chips

Slots & Bus Lines

Sockets - the connection point for chips

Chips - tiny circuit boards etched onto squares of silicon

Slots - provide a connection point for specialized cards/ circuit boards & provide expansion capabilities for the computer

Bus Lines - Connecting lines that provide pathways to support communication among electronic components

graphic cards - for high quality 3D graphics

Network Interface Cards (NIC) - connect devices to networks via cables

SD cards - expansion cards for mobile devices

connect parts of the CPU to each other and various other components on the system board

Sysytem bus/ Expansion bus

USB, FireWire and PCI Express (PCIe)

sockets for connecting external devices to the system unit. Ports connect directly to the system board, to cards inserted into slots on the system board

-USB, Ethernet, HDMI, Thunderbolt

eSATA, MIDI, MiniDP, VGA & DVI

Used to connect external devices to the system units via the ports.

One end of the cable is attached to the device and the other end has a connector that is attached to a matching connector on the pot

Computers require direct current(DC) power converting alternating current (AC) from wall outlets or batteries

two -state binary system consists of only two digits called bits (on= 1; negative charge, off= 0; no charge

Hexadecimal system

Uses 16 digits to represent binary numbers

ASCII, EBCDIC, Unicode