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Periodic Trends

Melting and boiling points increase across period 2 from Group 1-4; between Groups 1-3 this is caused by increasing nuclear charge and delocalized electrons without the increase of additional quantum levels therefore, the strength of metallic bonds are strengthened. Group 4, Silicon forms 4 extremely strong covalent bonds in a giant lattice therefore has an extremely high melting and boiling point.

In the non metal melting and boiling points; Sulphur > Phosphorus > Chlorine > Argon as they have stronger London Forces.