Memory - created from Mind Map

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Studying Memory

encoding

storage

retrieval

getting info into the memory system

retaining encoded info over time

getting info out of the memory stage

Working Memory

short-term memory that stresses conscious

active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial info

info retrieved from long-term memory

magical #7

capacity varies: age and distractions. A.K.A encoding lag

Two-track memory system

explicit memory

implicit memory

consciously retrieve

effortful processing

sensory memory

spaced study/self testing

measuring retention

iconic memory

echoic memory

Ex. seeing memory

Ex. hearing memory

chunking/mnemonics

recall

recognition

relaerning

Ex. fiil in the blank

serial position effect: tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list.

mood-congruent memory: the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with your current or bad mood

Ex. multiple choice

Ex. playing a song on guitar you haven't played in 2 years

without conscious awarness

automatic processing

space

time

frequency

retaining info in the brain

explicit memory system

implicit memory system

hippocampus/frontal lobes

emotion

amygdala

from the temporal lobe

processes of emotions linked to both fear and pleasure

cerebellum/basal ganglia

Forgetting

infantile amnesia

amnesia

context effects

encoding failure

storage decay

retrieval failure

"tip-of-the-tongue" forgetting

interference

source amnesia

need conscious memory, command of language and well developed hippocampus to be able to form explicit memory, before age 3 we do not have these.

"without memory" loss of memory due to brain trauma, injury or disease

getting up to do something and forgetting what you were about to do

what we don't encode we'll never remember

even after encoding something we may later forget it

memory trace

physical change in the brain as the memory forms

sometimes even stored information cannot be accsessed which leads to forgetting

retrieval problem which stems from interference or from motivated forgetting

repression: the basic defence mechanism that banishes from concioustness the thoughts, feelings, and memory that arouse anxiety.

proactive

retro-ative

mis-information and imagination effects

forward-looking: occurs when an older memory makes it more difficult to remember new information

backward-learning: occurs when new learning disrupts your memory of old information

a faulty memory for how, when, or where information was learned or imagined

deja-vu

that eerie sense that "I've experienced this before" cues from the current situation may unconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience

Memory