Infection control

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Part A

break the infection chain

- defenses

- normal floras

- body system defenses

- inflammation

- vascular and cellular responses

- inflammatory exudate

- tissue repair

Signs and symptoms:

Systemic

- fever

- pulse, respiration rate decrease

- malaise

- anorexia, nausea, vomiting

- enlarged lymph nodes

localized

- redness

- edema

- exudates

- warmth to touch, loss of use

Nosocomial infections

- Healthcare acquired infections

- medical (clean) asepsis

- surgical (sterile) asepsis

nursing diagnoses

- impaired tissue integrity

- risk for infection

- risk for social isolation

- risk of impaired tissue integrity (low braden score?)

Patient centered care

- identify best communication techniques

- assess anxiety, fear or lack of understanding of the purpose of required isolation or precautions in place

- explain equipment used for infection control and isolation

- keep family members in mind when giving care.

Standard precautions

- everyone

transmission based

- airborne

- droplet

- contact

infection control professional

- specifically trained in infection prevention

- advising health care personnel regarding infection prevention

- assists with monitoring for infections in facility or organizations

- assessment and analysis of data regarding infection rates, compliance of staff and action plans for improvement

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Go to the CDC website for backed information from a government site, and look up your agency protocols for reinforcement that it should be practiced for every patient that is infected.

Always remember!!!

- hand hygiene

- bio hazards and sharps containers

- surveillance and reporting

- decreasing invasive devices

- attention to resistance

- protecting the client

- impact of staffing

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practices

- Standard precautions: blood, body fluids, secretions and excretions and non-intact skin

- transmission based precautions: airborne (TB, varicella, measles), droplet (diphtheria, rubella) 3 feet from patient for visitors , contact (VRE, MRSA, C diff) , isolation technique

Specimen collection

- contamination of wounds (pus)

- contamination of urine (clean catch)

Lab results indicating infection

- WBC more then 11,000/ mcL

- specific WBC (neutrophils)

- elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate

- presence of micro-organism on culture of specific fluid, area