Bio Study Guide

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Biology CPE

Evolution Study Guide

What are structures shared by organisms that come from a common ancestor?

Homologous Structures

What are body parts that are used for the same function but are NOT the same structure?

Analogous Structures

What are body parts that have little/no purpose called?

Vestigial Structures

Scenario: In a muddy pool, light-colored fish are more likely to be eaten than dark fish. Dark color is an ________

Adaptation

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Both mosquitoes and bats have wings. Wings are an example of what kind of structure?

Analogous Structure

What is Darwin's theory of evolution supported by?

DNA Evidence, Embryology, and Fossil Evidence

What would be a favorable trait for a rabbit trying to avoid predators in a snowy environment?

White Fur

What is NOT apart of Darwin's theory?

Acquired Traits

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Why are chimps and humans most alike/related?

They share 98% of their DNA sequence

Both pig and rabbit embryos have gill slits. What does this suggest?

They have a common ancestor

What would an animal breeder use to increase the number of cows giving the most milk?

Artificial Selection

An animal is most FIT in it's environment if it ________ and ________

survives and reproduces

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A birds wings are homologous to _______

A dogs front legs

True or False: Darwin notes that different species were found in similar environments on different continents

True

True or False: In Darwin's time, many people thought the Earth was formed just a few thousand years ago

True

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What is evolution?

The development of new types of organisms from pre-existing organisms over time

What is natural selection?

the process in which organisms best suited for their environment survive and reproduce more successfully than other organisms; mechanism for evolution

What is the idea developed by Charles Lyell stating that geologic processes that shaped Earth in the past continue to operate today?

Uniformitarianism

Darwin used the phrase "decent with modification", what does this mean?

new species descended fro preexisting species; must be able to change over time

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Why are acquired traits not directly related to the process of evolution?

Acquired traits are not genetically determined, they cannot be passed on to offspring. So they cannot cause a population to change over generations

How did the ideas of Thomas Malthus influence Darwin's thinking about evolution?

Darwin extended Malthus' ideas to population of all organisms and reasoned that the environment limits the populations of all organisms by causing deaths and limited births

What is biogeography?

The study of locations of organisms around the world

FOUR Main Parts of Darwin's Reasoning?

Overproduction, Genetic Variations, Struggle to Survive (selection), Different reproduction (adaptation)