Evolution - created from Mind Map

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Micro Evolution

Evidence for Evolution

Earth History

Speciation

Evolutionary Tree 4 Hominids

Gene Flow

Mutation

Genetic Drift

Natural Selection

"INDIVDUALS DONT EVOLVE POPLUATIONS DO"

The movement of alleles from one population to another (Immigration/Emigration)

Keeps neighbouring populations genetically similar

Only source of additional genetic material & new alleles

Neutral, Beneficial, Harmful

Alter gene expression & DNA

Founder Effect

Bottle Neck

Few individuals founded the population

Ex Seeds to an island (wind/bird)

Event that causes the population to decrease

Genes shift as it is the surviving ones that reproduce

Stabilizing

Disruptive

Sexual

Directional

Averages are most favoured

Most common

Ex medium height

Both extremes are favoured

Least common

Ex both Very Tall or Very Short

Favours a trait that makes you able to find a mate

Causes Sexual Dimorphism (Males & Females Look distinctively different)

Two Types

Female Mate Choice

Male vs Male competion

Colour, Size, Dance, Sing

Ex Peacock

Silver back

Fight for territory & the right to mate

Shift to one of the extremes of the trait

Common in artificial breeding

Ex Very Tall or Very Short

Comparative Anatomy

Comparative Embryology

Comparative Biochemistry

BIoGeoGraphy

Chromosome Structure

Artificial Selection

Adaptive Radiation

Industrial Melanism

Homologous

Analogous

Vistigial Structure

End result of morphological divergence

Common ancestor and have similar body structures but different functions

Ex Whale fin vs Human arm

Different anatomy but same functions

End Result of morphological convergence

Ex birds wing & bees wing

A part that once had use but no longer is useful

Ex Wisdom Teeth

Compares and contrasts embryos of different species, showing how all animals are related.

Looking at the genes to see the differences and common things, to see the evolutionary relationships between organisms.

Due to different geographical areas each species has a differing trait to the area

Wallace line

Ex Armidillo

Comparison of chromosomes

Ex Humans vs Chimp

Reproduction for the desirable trait

Unatural

Ex Dogs

Result of multiple different species to be created due to their resources

Ex Darwin Finches

Due to environmental pressure rapid change in traits are seen

Ex Peppered Moths (Black/White)

Proterozoic

Paleozoic

Mesozoic

ARCHEAN

Cenozoic

Eukaryotes Appear

Sexual Reproduction Evolved

Multicellular Plants & Animals Appear

Cambrian Explosion

Permian Extinction

Rapid speciation & diversification

Biggest extinction EVER

Triassic

Jurassic

Cretaceous

Dinosaurs appeaer

Birds Appeared

Extinction of Dinosaurs

Very basic life forms

Prokaryotic (simple bacteria)

Primates Appear

Hominids

Moneys & Apes

Modes Of Speciation

Isolation

Mechanism

Hybrid Inviability

Hybrid Infertility

Zygotic Mortality

Allopatric

Sympatric

Populations seperated from each other so they are not genetically similar anymore

Different genes but live close to each other

Ecological

Temporal

Behavioural

Mechanical

Gametic

Similar species that live in different habitats in the same areas

DIfferent breeding times for each species

Different mating rituals

Different structures makes you unable to mate with other species

Sperm of 1 species can't recognize egg of another species

Reproductive

B. Postzygotic

A, Prezygotic

Traits that make you incompatible with other species

A mech that inhibits a fertilized egg to become a reproducing adult

Inhibiting the production of a zygote due to a reproductive mech

A hybrid develops but dies

Hybrid survives but is sterile

Zygotic is unable to develop

Traits

Australopithecus Afarensis

Homo Habillis

Homo Erectus

Neanderthals

1. Human Like teeth

2. Bipedalism

3. Large Brains

Lucy - Donald Johanson Ethiopia

Laetoli Footprints - Mary Leaky

Handy Man

First tool user

Large Brain

FIrst to use fire

True Human