Quiz
PSY14 Alcohol
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Perguntas do quiz (14)
1Alcohol Pharmacology
1. Enhancement of inhibitory transmission - via [blank_start]GABA(a) Rs, GIRKs[blank_end] (G coupled K+ channels)
2. Inhibition of excitatory transmission - [blank_start]NMDA R, ionotropic glu-Rs[blank_end]
3. Secondary effects on [blank_start]monoamine, opioid, ACh[blank_end] systems, second messengers
4. Effects on [blank_start]DA[blank_end] release in Nucleus Accumbens may mediate reward, dependence liability- AGABA(a) Rs, GIRKs
- BNMDA R, ionotropic glu-Rs
- Cmonoamine, opioid, ACh
- DDA
2Alcohol PK
• Rapid [blank_start]absorption[blank_end]
• Dose proportional [blank_start]exposures[blank_end]
• [blank_start]Zero order[blank_end] elimination
Alcohol PD/Alcohol metabolism
- Alcohol to Acetaldehyde via [blank_start]Alcohol dehydrogenase[blank_end]* and CYP2E1
- Acetaldehyde to Acetic Acid via [blank_start]Aldehyde dehydrogenase[blank_end]
-Acetic Acid to [blank_start]CO2 and H2O[blank_end]
*Alcohol DH is [blank_start]rate[blank_end] limiting.- Aabsorption
- Bexposures
- CZero order
- DAlcohol dehydrogenase
- EAldehyde dehydrogenase
- FCO2 and H2O
- Grate
3Factors Affecting Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)
1. How much alcohol is consumed
2. How [blank_start]quickly[blank_end] alcohol is consumed
3. [blank_start]Body Weight[blank_end] (heavier = lower BAC, lightweight is a literal...)
4. [blank_start]Women[blank_end] will have higher BACs than men because of lower body water content
5. [blank_start]Food[blank_end] slows down the speed at which alcohol isabsorbed in the body, and also reduces peak BAC.
6. [blank_start]Older people[blank_end] will have higher BACs than younger people because of lower body water content.
7. Alcohol [blank_start]content[blank_end] (diluted vs concentrated) may affect absorption
8. [blank_start]Drugs[blank_end] that slow down stomach emptying (e.g. opioids) will reduce peak BAC- Aquickly
- BBody Weight
- CWomen
- DFood
- EOlder people
- Fcontent
- GDrugs
4BAC [blank_start]0.05[blank_end]% - drink driving limit
BAC [blank_start]>0.10[blank_end]% - impaired perception, cognitive function, slower reaction times
BAC [blank_start]>0.20[blank_end]% - amnesia, nausea
BAC [blank_start]>0.40[blank_end]% - coma, death- A0.05
- B>0.10
- C>0.20
- D>0.40
5Substance use disorders - epidemiology
1. Alcohol abuse: [blank_start]2.6[blank_end]% prevalence, highest user group [blank_start]16–24[blank_end] years, higher in [blank_start]males[blank_end]
2. Alcohol dependence: [blank_start]1.3[blank_end]% prevalence, highest user group 16–24 years, higher in males- A2.6
- B16–24
- Cmales
- D1.3
6Tolerance:
• reduction in response to a drug after [blank_start]repeated[blank_end] administration
• receptor/second messenger [blank_start]desensitization/downregulation[blank_end]
• acute vs chronic tolerance
• may lead to increased intake to get desired effects
Dependence:
• [blank_start]compulsive[blank_end] drug-taking behavior; loss of ability to [blank_start]control[blank_end] use; intrusion into [blank_start]normal[blank_end] activities; + tolerance + withdrawal
Withdrawal:
• rebound [blank_start]physiological[blank_end] effects upon cessation or reduction of drug intake
• symptoms usually [blank_start]opposite[blank_end] to those produced by drug (e.g. insomnia, anxiety - BDZs, alcohol; sedation, depression - cocaine- Arepeated
- Bdesensitization/downregulation
- Ccompulsive
- Dcontrol
- Enormal
- Fphysiological
- Gopposite
7Odds of adult alcohol dependence are reduced by 10% for each year drinking onset is delayed in adolescence.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
8"Types" of alcoholism:
Type 1 (~75%):
Genetic link [blank_start]weaker[blank_end]. Tend to start drinking heavily in [blank_start]response[blank_end] to setbacks, losses, or other outside circumstances. Equal in male and female. Tend to feel [blank_start]anxious[blank_end], shy, pessimistic, emotionally dependent. Drinking alcohol helps [blank_start]manage[blank_end] strong emotions (anxiety, depression).
Type 2 (~25%)
Genetic link [blank_start]weaker[blank_end]. Onset <[blank_start]25[blank_end]y. They drink [blank_start]regardless[blank_end] of what 's happening in their lives and often have a history of fights and arrests. More common in [blank_start]males[blank_end]. More sensation- and novelty-seeking, more [blank_start]impulsive[blank_end] and less [blank_start]socialized[blank_end]. Polysubstance abuse is common as part of an antisocial lifestyle.- Aweaker
- Bstronger
- Cresponse
- Danxious
- Emanage
- F25
- Gregardless
- Hmales
- Iimpulsive
- Jsocialized
9Marketing and advertising normalizes and maintains a heavy drinking culture.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
10As alcohol price descreases, alcohol use increases.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
11Altering price/availability affects consumption/harm.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
12Cheaper alcohol, greater availability shifts the Ledermann curve shape to the [blank_start]right[blank_end], meaning more [blank_start]litres[blank_end] are consumed per drinkers.
Dearer alcohol, less availability shifts the Ledermann curve shape to the [blank_start]left and up[blank_end], meaning [blank_start]more[blank_end] drinkers but [blank_start]less[blank_end] litres consumed.- Aright
- Blitres
- Cleft and up
- Dmore
- Eless
13Drug treatment of drug/alcohol dependence:
Substitution treatment:
• [blank_start]Methadone, buprenorphine[blank_end] for opioid dependence
• [blank_start]Nicotine, varenicline[blank_end] for smoking
Anti-craving medication:
• [blank_start]Naltrexone (acamprosate)[blank_end] for alcohol dependence
Antagonist/aversive medication:
• [blank_start]Disulfiram[blank_end] for alcohol dependence
Most effective options for treating dependence are [blank_start]social and psychological[blank_end].
Most effective options for preventing dependence are [blank_start]social, political and economic[blank_end]- AMethadone, buprenorphine
- BNicotine, varenicline
- CNaltrexone (acamprosate)
- DDisulfiram
- Esocial and psychological
- Fsocial, political and economic
14The 5+ Solution For Alcohol
1. Raise alcohol [blank_start]prices[blank_end]
• increase tax, minimum price per standard drink
2. Raise the [blank_start]purchase[blank_end] age
3. Reduce alcohol [blank_start]accessibility[blank_end]
4. Reduce [blank_start]marketing[blank_end] and advertising
5. Increase drink-driving [blank_start]counter-measures[blank_end]- Aprices
- Bpurchase
- Caccessibility
- Dmarketing
- Ecounter-measures
Informações
- Descrição
- O usuário eliminou as informações de disciplina Quiz sobre PSY14 Alcohol, criado por Usuário eliminado em 14-10-2019.
- Autor
- Usuário eliminado
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- English
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- Criado em 14 out 2019 · atualizado em 14 out 2019
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