CAE Essay: Useful Vocabulary

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Problem = difficulty= obstacle to

verb + problem

to create / to cause / to lead to / to pose / to represent problem

to tackle / to discuss / to address / to solve / to overcome problem

to aggravate / to exacerbate (fml) problem

problem + verb

problem arise / occur / come up

adjective + problem

major / serious / particular / insoluble / insurmountable problem

noun +problem

solution to / approach to / answer to problem

cause of / root of problem

adjective + prep + problem

aware of problem

due to problem

apart from problem

Solution = answer = approach to

adjective + solution

acceptable / only / obvious / simple / short-term / sensible / alternative / optimum

verb + solution

find / provide / offer /

-Urban Regeneration = Modernisation and Improvement of cities

- how to discourage the use of private cars in the city centre

how to attract people to city centres

a plan to plant more trees = a tree-planting scheme

to invest in (urban renewal) schemes

to offer incentives / social and financial benefits

how to overcome the lack of housing in towns and cities

- high-rise buildings vs single dwellings vs suburbs extension vs renovation

high-rise buildings= tower blocks

to fail their occupants / not to cater well for large numbers of families...

well-designed / surrounded by green spaces /

a range of faciclities on site / prove successful

encroach on / to lose the countryside

to increase the number of residential dwellings

to restore derelict buildings = to renovate empty properties

the city centre = the inner city

houses= dwellings

renew = renovate

Cultural heritage

to preserve tha national heritage / to be part of our heritage

to preserve / conserve / maintain / reconstruct historically significant houses

...so that the houses will retain their character

preserve history

research / investigate family history

create a family tree

feel connected to the past

ancestors = forebears

descendants

genealogy - genealogical

maintain a sense of identity

Museums

+ key role in preserving and cataloguing what's fundumental

+ provide pointers for the future

+ give students a practical slant on subjects

+ a highlight for tourists

+ add to our understanding of

+ for posterity (= for future generations)

+ be in complete safety

- a minority interest

- a luxury we can't afford

Impersonal Introduction to a Fact or Opinion

It's often claimed that...

It is generally /widely believed that...

It's a well-known fact that...

It's common knowledge that...

It's a common / widely held / widespread belief

Many people believe that...

Few people would dispute the fact that...

All the evidence suggests that...

There are several viewpoints that need to be considered

The issue of... is undeniably important and needs to be addressed.

Giving main points

I would argue that it is unreasonable to expect governments to expend money on... when they have got more important things to invest in

An urgent priority is for the government to provide thraining for teachers..

It has become clear in recent years, that.

There is clearly scope for the governments to...

Introducing the options

I will discuss two priorities for the government's support of the cultural heritage in our community

I will discuss two possible approsches that could be taken / two possible actions that governments could focus on in order to....

There exist various views on how the issue could be addressed, two of which will be considered in this essay

Giving final opinion

In my view, it would be wise to prioritise ... first

...must take / be given / have priority over...

In my opinion, the most pressing priority is...

... is the most obvious solution

The Art of Communication

- how to improve contacts between neighbours

to improve contacts = to encourage communication

Communicate + noun

communicate idea / message / meaning / feeling / information

Communicate + adverb

communicate directly / effectively / clearly

Verb + communication

to encourage / facilitate / improve communication

Verb + contact

to make / to (re)establish / to maintain / to come into / to renew contact with

to invest in = to spend / to expend money on smth = to make investment in

large-scale / considerable / major investment

to increase funding for / to allocate funds to

increased funding could attract...