cuban

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relations before 1959 Cuba was very closely linked to the USA. but Cuba had a socialist revolution 1959 and then USA refused to deal with the new USA government. instead, Cuba started to build economic links with the USSR. e.g. soviet oil for Cuban sugar. USA & Cuban relationships deteriorated.

THE BAY OF PIGS 12 april 1961

ex US planes ( now Cuban) noticed as US and photographed, and info was published. the world new US backed the invasion.

castor knew of invasion in advance, and 1400 us-backed troops 20000 of Castro's troops , the US backed troops backed down.

most Cubans didn't want batiste cos he was corrupt.

impact

ended all chance of friendly USA-Cuban relations.

Castro announced that he was communist.

Cuba and the USSR started building closer ties- including military defence for Cuba.

the discovery USSR see Cuba as key strategic problem.

USA had missiles close to USSR but not the other way round.

Cuba saw USSSR missiles as way of stopping USA repeating the bay of pigs.

September 1962 soviets place nuclear missiles in Cuba.

US spy plan photographs the missiles

USA public find out they are in the range of Cuban / soviet nuclear missiles.

HOW should? USA RESPOND Kennedy faced different options (hawks / doves)

they could ignore as they also had missiles close to USSR in turkey.

deal with USSR to remove missiles and USA will do the same.

US invade remove Castro's government.

nuclear the USSR before they can to us

war Castro of the danger he could be in.

blockade Cuba

air strike to destroy the sites.

THE 13 DAYS 16th oct - kennedy shown the missile site pics.

20th oct- kennedy doesn't attack desides to bloackade.

24th oct- USSR say ships are aggressive and will be ignored by their ships.

25th oct- USA & USSR prepeare for immediate nuclear attack.

27th oct - cuba ready for invastion, Krushchev offers to move missles if kennedy does form itaily and trueky., USA spy plane shot down over cuba , deal for USA to secretly remove the itaily and turkey bases.

28th 0ct- Cuban missiles taken out and USA promise not to attack Cuba and remove their missiles form Italy and Turkey.

COSEQUENCES SHORT TERM:

CUBA OKAY WITH RESULTS BUT LET DOWN BY SOIVET ALLIES.

USSR LOOK WEAK AS NO ONE KNOWS OF THE USSR with drawl

us "doves" ended well as the "hawks" would have started war.

LONG TERM:

détente created between USA & USSR = less stressful relationship between them both as more info is passed about.

Hot line= direct communication between Washington and Moscow.

LIMITED TEST BAN TREATY august 1963= all nuclear weapons test banned apart from underground ones. 1963 Kennedy gives speech on working with the USSR on " common interests" but USSR wanted to catch up in the arms race and did by 1965 resulting in:

MUTALLY ASSURED DESTRUCTION (MAD) = war would be avoided at all cost

KHRUSHCHEV FORECED FROM POWER IN 1964.