Test yourself

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TEST YOURSELF 1:

1. Write the name of the philosopher who is associated with each view of development:

a) original Sin

b) blank slate

c) innate goodness

2. What did each of these early researchers do?

a) Charles Darwin

b) G. Stanley Hall

c) Arnold Gesell

3. Early in Canada, the discipline of psychology was originally studied as a branch of _______ and _________

answers:

1. a) Augustine of Hippo b) John Locke c) John Jacques Rosseau 2. a) developed theory of evolution, wrote detailed observations of his own children's development (called baby biographies) to help find support for the theory of evolution. b) Did the first scientific study of children's development, believed that developmentalists should identify average ages at which developmental milestones are reached (norms) c) believed in maturation (the gradual unfolding of a genetically programmed sequential pattern of change) and findings became the basis for norm-referenced tests (tests that helped determine whether individual children are developing at a rate that is similar to that of other children the same age) 3. mental and moral philosophy

Página 2

TEST YOURSELF 2:

1. the view that human development from conception to death should be studied from multiple disciplinary perspectives in known as the _______

2. Give an example from the text of development in each domain

a) physical:

b) cognitive

c) social

3. Developmental stages are often a feature in the theories of developmentalists who emphasize _______ changes

4. Evidence of both continuity and discontinuity in development is based in ______ and ______ changes and individual differences resulting from the unique personal experiences

5. How does the interactionist theory of development explain the nature-nurture controversy?

answers:

1. lifespan perspective 2. a) going through puberty b) learning to read c) gaining social skills 3. qualitative 4. group-specific and universal 5. it claims that development is a result of the reciprocal interaction of environmental factors and biological factors.

Página 3

TEST YOURSELF 3

1. the goals of developmental science are to _______, ___________, __________, and ____________ age-related changes

2. Match each research method with its definition

a) manipulated independent variable

b) behaviour observed in controlled settings

c) in-depth study of a single individual

d) behaviour observed in typical settings

e) mathematical relationship between two variables

3. list the advantages and disadvantages of each method of studying age-related changes

a1) cross-sectional advantages a2) cross-sectional disadvantages

b1) longitudinal advantages b2) longitudinal disadvantages

c1) sequential advantages c2) sequential disadvantages

4. what are two reasons for the importance of cross-cultural research

5. Explain what researchers must do to meet ethical standards in each of these areas

a) protection from harm

b) Informed consent

c) confidentiality

d) knowledge of results

e) deception

ANSWERS:

1. identify, describe, test and influence 2. a) experiment b) laboratory observation c) case study d) naturalistic observation e) correlation 3. a1) quick access to data about age differences a2) ignores individual differences, cohort effects b1) track developmental changes in individuals and groups b2) time-consuming, not always applicable to other groups c1) data is relevant to the same hypothesis c2) time-consuming, different attrition rates across groups 4. identifying universal changes and using findings to help people 5. a) not cause permanent harm, mitigate temporary harm b) consent from parents, children over 7 and admins in schools/daycares after explaining risks and rights in a way each group will understand c) ensuring participants are not able to be identified, reporting suspected child abuse d) parents, children and admin have a right to written summary of findings e) cant cause harm, must be fully explained after