International Institutions - New and Old Wars

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Mary Kaldor - New and Old Wars

New type of organised violence developed - globalised era

New wars involve a blurring of the distinction between war, organised crime and large-scale violations of human rights

New wars = internal/civil wars, or 'low-intensity conflicts'

Wars localised but involve a myriad of transnational connections

Distinction between internal and external, between aggression, between local and global are difficult to sustain

GUERRILLA WARFARE, ISIS

Some describe new wars as privatised or informal wars

Distinction between what is private and what is public, state and non-state, informal and formal, what is done for economic and what for political motives, cannot be easily applied

VIRTUAL WARS, CYBER-SPACE

Martin Shaw - 'degenerate warfare'

John Mueller - 'remnants of war'

Frank Hoffman - 'hybrid wars'

Old wars have declined and has left banditry often disguised as political conflict

Growing illegitimacy - need for cosmopolitan political response

Globalisation been a reason for changes that characterise the contemporary period and have influenced the character of war

Modern war more precise and discriminate - advances in technology

Reproduce the appearance of classical war - front lines/aerial bombing

New wars reflect a power vacuum because of the transition period after the cold war

Global presence in new wars - reporters, mercenary troops, military advisors, armies of international agencies

Erosion of the monopoly of legitimate organised violence

War in Bosnia-Herzegovina - became the focus of global and European attention during the 1990s

New wars can be contrasted in terms of their goals, the methods of warfare and how they are financed

New wars have changed in organisational terms, they are highly decentralised and they operate through a mixture of confrontation and cooperation