DOP

DOP- Temperament Study

• Buss and Plomin
• Aim: To test the idea that temperament is innate.
• Method: Studied 228 pars of monozygotic twins and 172 pairs of dizygotic twins. Rated the temperament when the twins were 5 years old.
• Looked at: Emotionality- how strong the child's emotional response was. Activity- how energetic the child was. Sociability- how much the child wanted to be with other people. Then compared scores for each set of twins.
• Results: Closer correlation between the scores of monozygotic twins than between the dizygotic twins.
• Conclusion: Temperament has a genetic basis.
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DOP- Theory of Personality

• Eysenck
• Aim: To investigate personality differences between people.
• Method: 700 servicemen completed a questionnaire. Analysed the results using a statistical technique know as factor analysis.
• Results: Identified two dimensions of personality: extroversion, introversion and neuroticism stability.
• Conclusion: Everyone can be placed in these two dimensions. Most people lie in the middle of the scale.
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DOP- Antisocial Personality Disorder(APD)

• Raine et al
• Aim: Support the theory that abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex cause APD.
• Method: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to study 21 men with APD and a control group of 34 healthy men. All volunteers.
• Results: APD group had 11% reduction in prefrontal grey matter compared with the control group.
• Conclusion: APD is caused by a reduction in the brain's grey matter.
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DOP- Situation causes of APD

• Elander et al
• Aim: To investigate the childhood risk factors that can be use to predict antisocial behavior in adulthood.
• Method: Investigated 225 twins diagnosed with childhood disorders and interviews them 10-15 years later.
• Results: Found that childhood hyperactivity, conduct disorders, low IQ and reading problems were strong predictors of APD and criminality in adult life.
• Conclusion: Disruptive behavior in childhood can be used to predict APD in adulthood.
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