Quiz
Observational methods 2
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Perguntas do quiz (35)
1Your initial method of data recording will depend on what?
- AThe goals of the study
- BHow much data you want to collect
- CNone of these
- DTime constraints
2An observational study may aim to provide:
- AA comprehensive description of behaviour
- BA description of selected behaviour
- CCausal inferences of behaviour
- DExplanations for behavioural transitions
3Your initial method of behaviour recording will influence how your results are ultimately:
- ASummarised
- BAnalysed
- CReported
- DInterpreted
4What can Quantitative data include?
- AFrequency of behaviours
- BDuration of behaviours
- CSpeed
- DNarrative records
- EWritten descriptions of behaviour
5Quantitative data uses which types of variables?
- ANominal
- BOrdinal
- CInterval
- DRatio
- EString
6How is observational data reduced into quantitative form?
- ACoding according to specified criteria
- BCategorising of behaviours
- CDescriptive summaries
- DAudio recordings
- EVideo recordings
7What is true of qualitative data?
- ANarrative records
- BRequires careful training to record behaviour according to established criteria
- CShould be made during or soon after the behaviour was observed
- DNeeds to be transcribed
- EFrequency of behaviours
- FDuration of behaviours
8In what forms can qualitative data come?
- AWritten descriptions of behaviour
- BAudio recordings
- CVideo recordings
- DNominal data
- EOrdinal data
- FRatio data
- GInterval data
9What is true of software for qualitative analysis?
- AIncludes Leximancer
- BGives you the frequency of words
- CGives you the distribution of words across participants
- DDoesn't require data to be transcribed first
10What is true of text mining?
- AThe size of the word represents the number of mentions
- BVisually represents the frequency of word mentions
- CVisually represents the number of word mentions per participant
- DStatistically represents the number of word mentions per participant
11Coding always requires at least 2 people
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
12What does good inter-observer reliability require?
- AClear definitions of behaviours of interest
- BTrained observers
- CFeedback about discrepancies
- DHigh external validity
- EHigh internal validity
13High inter-observer reliability is an indirect measure of what?
- AValidity
- BIntra-observer reliability
- CPercentage agreement
- DInternal consistency
14What is the numerator of the inter-observer ratio?
- ANumber of times they (dis)agreed on a behaviour occurring
- BNumber of times the behaviour could possibly have occurred
- CNumber of observations made during the sample period
- DNumber of times they accurately identified the occurrence of the behaviour
15What is the denominator of the inter-observer ratio?
- ANumber of times they (dis)agreed on a behaviour occurring
- BNumber of times the behaviour could possibly have occurred
- CNumber of observations made during the sample period
- DNumber of times the occurrence of the behaviour was incorrectly identified
16[blank_start]90[blank_end]% or higher is good inter-rater reliability
- A90
17The inter-rater ratio is transformed into:
- APercentage agreement
- BCorrelations
- CR^2
- DFrequencies
18In inter-rater reliability, what is/are the measuring instrument?
- ALeximancer
- BQualitative analysis software
- CThe observers
- DThe participants
- ESpecialised instruments eg radar gun
19The more ______ a behaviour is, the harder it is to get good inter-rater reliability
- AComplex
- BRare
- CFrequent
- DExternal
20What are some factors that could negatively influence inter-rater reliability?
- AError of apprehending
- BError of recording
- CComputational error
- DObserver error
- EObserver bias
- FObserver effect
- GHawthorne effect
- HError of availability
- IError of representativeness
21What is true of the Error of Apprehending?
- ABecause of physical arrangement of subject and observer
- BHaving a worse view of the subject than another observer
- CTechnical issues
- DPoor choice of statistical test
- EObserver drift/decay
22What are sources of recording error?
- ATechnical issues
- Beg adverse weather
- Ceg ran out of battery
- DEquipment issues
- EMental lapses in the observer
- FInexperience
- GBehavioural units not clearly defined
- HExpectancy effects
23What is an example of Computational error?
- APoor choice of statistical test
- BObserver inexperience
- CUnclear definitions of behavioural units
- DObserver drift/decay
24What are some sources of observer error?
- ABehavioural units not clearly defined
- BLack of experience
- CObserver drift or decay
- DExpectancy effects
- EMental lapses in the observer
25When is observer bias more common?
- ARare behaviours
- BTime sampling
- CEvent sampling
- DPoorly defined behaviours
26What is the main cause of observer bias?
- AExpectancy effects
- BHawthorne effect
- CMental lapses in the observer
- DInexperience
27Expectancy effects lead to systematic errors in:
- AIdentifying behaviour
- BRecording behaviour
- COperating equipment
- DSampling methods
28Expectancy effects occur when observers are aware of:
- AThe study's hypotheses
- BThe outcome of previous studies
- CThe study's RQ
- DThe sampling method
- EThe behaviour codes
29What is a solution to expectancy effects?
- AUse a "blind" observer
- BSensitisation
- CHabituation
- DDesensitisation
30What is the Hawthorne effect?
- AParticipants behave differently because they're aware of being observed
- BParticipants responding to demand characteristics in the research situation
- CReactive measure
- DObserver's expectations about behaviour lead to systematic errors in identifying and recording behaviour
- EProgressive, inexplicable increase in intelligence over generations
31What is the error type when a participant behaves differently because of the presence of the observer or stimuli?
- AObserver effect
- BObserver bias
- CObserver error
- DComputational error
- ERecording error
- FError of apprehending
32What are some solutions to the Observer effect?
- AMake observations surreptitiously
- BUse a "blind" observer
- CUse non-human observers
- DDefine behavioural units more clearly
- EDeceive participants with a decoy observer
33What are some ways to control reactivity?
- AUse an unobtrusive measurement
- BAdaptation
- CHabituation
- DDesensitisation
- EIndirect observations of behaviour
- FUse a "blind" observer
- GTrain observers more thoroughly
34People habituate poorly to cameras
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
35What is intra-observer reliability?
- AWhether you would note the behaviour if you repeated the coding experience
- BPercentage agreement between different observers
- CThe extent to which the results are generalisable to the population
- DThe extent to which you can have confidence in the accuracy of your results
Informações
- Descrição
- Research methodology Quiz sobre Observational methods 2, criado por Jennifer Khouw em 08-11-2018.
- Autor
- Jennifer Khouw
- Idioma
- English
- Visualizações
- 10
- Etiquetas
- Avaliação
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