The Kidney

1. 1The kidney consists of three main layers

   1. AVerdadeiro
   2. BFalso
2. 2What are the Kidney's main functions?

   1. AExcretion of waste and toxins
   2. BHomostatsis
   3. CBlood pressure
   4. DRemoves extra water from the blood
   5. EUrine flows from the kidneys to the bladder via the urether
   6. FAll of the above
3. 3[blank_start]Ultrafiltration[blank_end] begins in the [blank_start]nephron[blank_end] in the kidney. Blood travels through a coiled structure of capillaries called the [blank_start]glomerulus[blank_end] surrounded by the [blank_start]Bowman's capsule[blank_end]. The hydrostatic pressure of the flow of bloods allows [blank_start]small[blank_end] molecules within the blood to pass through the capillary membrane and through the gaps in the [blank_start]podocytes[blank_end] surrounding the Bowman's capsule. These molecules include small ions such as sodium and potassium, glucose, water, urea and [blank_start]amino acids[blank_end]. [blank_start]Large[blank_end] molecules such as erythrocytes ([blank_start]red blood cells[blank_end]) and plasma proteins cannot cross the plasma membrane due to their size. The fluid in the capsule is now referred to as the [blank_start]FILTRATE.[blank_end] The filtrate then enters the [blank_start]proximal consulted tubule[blank_end], where the majority of glucose and amino acids are selectively [blank_start]reabsorbed.[blank_end] The filtrate then passes to the loop of Henlé, which is responsible for the transport of salts and creating an osmotic gradient in the surrounding tissue to aid the absorption of water. [blank_start]Sodium ions and potassium ions[blank_end] are pumped [blank_start]out[blank_end] of the loop to [blank_start]decrease[blank_end] the water potential of the surrounding fluid, creating an osmotic gradient that drives water out of the fluid and into the tissue. The longer the length of the tubule, the more salt is pumped out and the more water is reabsorbed into the body. Water reenters the filtrate in the [blank_start]distal convoluted tubule[blank_end] and [blank_start]collecting ducts[blank_end] due to the [blank_start]negative[blank_end] osmotic gradient created by the remaining urea in the filtrate (urea [blank_start]decreases[blank_end] the water potential of the filtrate, so [blank_start]some[blank_end] water moves into the filtrate due to [blank_start]osmosis[blank_end].) The volume of water absorbed in the collecting ducts is controlled by a hormone called [blank_start]anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)[blank_end] which increases the expression of aquaporins in the cell membrane of the collecting ducts causing [blank_start]more water[blank_end] to be reabsorbed. [blank_start]More[blank_end] ADH means more water is absorbed and less, [blank_start]concentrated[blank_end] urine is produced, less ADH means less water is absorbed and more, [blank_start]dilute urine[blank_end] is produced.

   1. AUltrafiltration
   2. Bnephron
   3. Cglomerulus
   4. DBowman's capsule
   5. ELoop of Henle
   6. Fsmall
   7. Glarge
   8. Hpodocytes
   9. Iamino acids
   10. JLarge
   11. KSmall
   12. Lred blood cells
   13. Mwhite blood cells
   14. Nproteins
   15. Oenzymes
   16. PFILTRATE.
   17. QULTRA-FILTRATION.
   18. Rproximal consulted tubule
   19. Sloop of henle
   20. Treabsorbed.
   21. USodium ions and potassium ions
   22. Vout
   23. Win
   24. Xdecrease
   25. Yincrease
   26. Zdistal convoluted tubule
   27. AAcollecting ducts
   28. ABnegative
   29. ACpositive
   30. ADdecreases
   31. AEincreases
   32. AFmaintains
   33. AGsome
   34. AHall
   35. AIosmosis
   36. AJdiffusion
   37. AKfiltration
   38. ALanti-diuretic hormone (ADH)
   39. AMmore water
   40. ANless water
   41. AOMore
   42. APLess
   43. AQconcentrated
   44. ARdilated
   45. ASdilute urine
   46. ATconcentrated urine

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Quiz sobre The Kidney, criado por Jade Suddaby em 18-11-2018.

Autor

Jade Suddaby

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English

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Histórico

Criado em 18 nov 2018 · atualizado em 18 nov 2018

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