Quiz
Chapter 11
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Perguntas do quiz (40)
1In the vertebrate retina, the outer segments of the receptor cells point
toward the- Afront of the eyeball, and are the first part of the retina reached by
light entering the eye. - Bfront of the eyeball, and are the last part of the retina reached by
light entering the eye. - Cback of the eyeball, and are the first part of the retina reached by
light entering the eye. - Dback of the eyeball, and are the last part of the retina reached by
light entering the eye.
- Afront of the eyeball, and are the first part of the retina reached by
2The nuclear layers of the vertebrate retina contain mainly
- Aneuron somata.
- Bphotoreceptor cells.
- Cneuron terminals and synapses.
- Dsynapses and somata.
3The plexiform layers of the vertebrate retina contain mainly
- Aneuron somata.
- Bphotoreceptor cells.
- Cneuron terminals and synapses.
- Dsynapses and somata.
4With which of the following cell types in the retina do horizontal cells
NOT synapse?- AAmacrine cells.
- BBipolar cells.
- CCone cells.
- DRod cells.
5With which of the following cell types in the retina do horizontal cells
NOT synapse?- ABipolar cells.
- BCone cells.
- CGanglion cells.
- DRod cells.
6Which retinal cell type spans the inner and outer plexiform layers?
- AAmacrine cells.
- BBipolar cells
- CBipolar cells..
- DBipolar cells.
7The optic nerve consists of the axons of
- Abipolar cells.
- Bhorizontal cells.
- Cganglion cells.
- Damacrine cells.
8Which of the statements below explains why rods are more sensitive to
light than are cones?- ACones point away from the source of the stimulus.
- BRods are inhibited by horizontal cells.
- CCones connect only to bipolar cells.
- DNone of the statements a, b, or c explain the differences in
sensitivity.
9Transduction in rod cells of the vertebrate retina takes place in the
- Aouter segment
- Binner segment.
- Cnucleus area.
- Dsynaptic area.
10Transduction in rod cells in a vertebrate eye is carried out by the
following sequence of events:- Aactivation of rhodopsin by light-->activation of
transducin-->activation of PDE-->breakdown of cGMP-->closure of Na+
channel. - Bactivation of transducin-->activation of rhodopsin by
light-->activation of PDE-->breakdown of cGMP-->closure of Na+ channel. - Cactivation of rhodopsin by light-->activation of PDE-->activation of
transducin-->breakdown of cGMP-->closure of Na+ channel. - Dactivation of transducin-->activation of rhodopsin by light-->breakdown
of cGMP-->activation of PDE-->closure of Na+ channel.
- Aactivation of rhodopsin by light-->activation of
11The effect of light on vertebrate rod cells is to
- Areduce sodium conductance and thus hyperpolarize the cell.
- Bincrease sodium conductance and thus depolarize the cell.
- Creduce sodium conductance and thus depolarize the cell.
- Dincrease sodium conductance and thus hyperpolarize the cell.
12If you could somehow selectively destroy all the horizontal cells in the
retina, what would the effect on the receptive field of a bipolar cell
probably be?- ANone.
- BThe receptive field would get larger.
- CThe inhibitory surround region would be lost.
- DThe inhibitory surround area would become excitatory.
13 The inhibitory surround in the receptive field of a bipolar cell of a
salamander is probably due to- Aparallel processing in the lateral geniculate nucleus.
- Binhibitory action by horizontal cells.
- Cinhibitory action by amacrine cells.
- Dinhibition by the graded responses of ganglion cells.
14The electrical response recorded in horizontal cells when the retina is
stimulated by light is a- Apost-synaptic potential with spikes.
- Bpost-synaptic potential without any spikes.
- Cgenerator potential, since spikes are produced.
- Dreceptor potential, since no spikes are produced.
15The electrical response recorded in bipolar cells when the retina is
stimulated by light is a- Apost-synaptic potential with spikes.
- Bpost-synaptic potential without any spikes.
- Cgenerator potential, since spikes are produced.
- Dreceptor potential, since no spikes are produced.
16Which of the following retinal cell types shows an inhibitory surround
effect in its receptive field?- AHorizontal cells
- BBipolar cells.
- CRods.
- DCones.
17Bipolar cells differ from all other cell types in the retina in that they
- Ado not generate spikes.
- Bmay hyperpolarize in response to light on their receptive fields.
- Cmake synaptic contact with all other cell types in the retina.
- Dshow a center-surround receptive field.
18Amacrine cells differ from horizontal cells in that amacrine cells
- Aconnect to bipolar cells.
- Bcan generate spikes.
- Cconnect to cells of their own type.
- Drespond to light striking their receptive fields.
19Ganglion cells in the retina
- Ashow generator potentials when stimulated.
- Bmay be inhibited by amacrine cells.
- Cmay show either center-on OR center-off responses.
- Dhyperpolarize when stimulated.
20The electrical response recorded in ganglion cells when the retina is
stimulated by light is a- Apostsynaptic potential with spikes.
- Bpostsynaptic potential without any spikes.
- Cgenerator potential, since spikes are produced.
- Dreceptor potential, since no spikes are produced.
21"Off" center ganglion cells in a cat retina respond to a small spot of light in the center of the receptive field by
- Aincreasing firing for the duration of the stimulus.
- Bincreasing firing only at the beginning of the stimulus.
- Cgiving no response (due to simultaneous inhibitory effects).
- Dceasing background firing during the stimulus, and firing when the stimulus is turned off.
22Which of the following classes of retinal ganglion cells appear to be best suited to help resolve detail in the fovea?
- AX.
- BY.
- CZ.
- DW.
23Y-cells in the cat retina have
- Asmall receptive fields with sustained responses, and are concentrated in the center of the retina.
- Blarge receptive fields with transient responses, and are concentrated outside the center of the retina.
- Clarge receptive fields with variable responses, and are concentrated in the center of the retina.
- Dsmall receptive fields with transient responses, and are scattered throughout the retina.
24X-cells in the cat retina have
- Asmall receptive fields with sustained responses, and are concentrated in the center of the retina.
- Blarge receptive fields with transient responses, and are concentrated outside the center of the retina.
- Clarge receptive fields with variable responses, and are concentrated in the center of the retina.
- Dsmall receptive fields with transient responses, and are scattered throughout the retina.
25In the vertebrate visual system the distinctly different response proper- ties of X, Y and W ganglion cells has been used as evidence for the idea of
- Aparallel processing.
- Bserial processing.
- Ctrigger stimuli.
- Dall of the above.
26The discovery of X, Y and W ganglion cells in the retina of the cat suggested that ______ is involved in visual processing.
- Ainhibitory input from horizontal cells
- Bmultiple processing by bipolar and amacrine cells
- Cserial processing
- Dparallel processing
27In the human brain, the first relay station for visual signals is in the
- Alateral geniculate nucleus.
- Bmedial geniculate nucleus.
- Cprimary visual cortex.
- Dinferior colliculus.
28The physiology of the cat visual cortex was investigated by
- AHubel and Wiesel.
- BWald
- CSperry.
- DWerblin and Dowling.
29Visual cortex "simple" cells respond to
- Abars of light with a particular orientation and position.
- Bbars of light rotated at particular directions, but located anywhere in their receptive fields.
- Cedges oriented in particular directions, but located anywhere in their receptive fields.
- Deither a spot of light or an annulus (center-surround organization).
30The most important feature(s) of a stimulus for the stimulation of a simple cortical cell is(are)
- Aits position but not its orientation.
- Bits orientation but not its position.
- Cits position and orientation.
- Dnone of the above.
31Some types of complex visual cortical cells respond strongly to
- Asmall spots.
- Buniform illumination.
- Cstimuli that have a corner.
- Dclosely spaced stationary straight lines.
32A plausible explanation for the response properties of complex visual cortical cells is that axons of
- A"W" cells project onto cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus.
- Bcomplex cortical cells terminate on simple cortical cells.
- Csimple cortical cells project onto complex cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus.
- Dsimple cortical cells terminate on complex cortical cells.
33A complex cell responds mainly to
- Amoving spots of dark against a luminous background.
- Bproperly oriented edges.
- Ccorners moving in a definite direction.
- Dcomplex features such as faces.
34In the vertebrate visual system, the fact that there seems to be a hierarchical organization in which more complex stimuli are required to activate cells in higher levels of the hierarchy, has been used as evidencefor the idea of ______ in this visual system.
- Aparallel processing.
- Bserial processing.
- Ctrigger stimuli.
- Dall of the above.
35Feature extraction along the visual pathway refers to the
- Aincreasing complexity of center-surround relationships.
- Bappearance of effects due to lateral inhibition.
- Crefinement (i.e., loss of variability) of stimuli that can excite neurons along the pathway.
- Dincreasing complexity of the stimulus features which maximally excite neurons farther away from the rods and cones.
36Light entering a mammalian eye and striking the retina first passes through the
- Aphotoreceptive layer.
- Bouter nuclear layer.
- Cinner nuclear layer.
- Dganglion cell layer
37The response of a horizontal cell to stimulus of its receptive field is
- Adepolarizing and spiking.
- Bhyperpolarizing and spiking.
- Chyperpolarizing and non-spiking.
- Ddepolarizing and non-spiking.
38Vertebrate rods and cones respond to light by
- Aclosing ligand gated Na+ channels.
- Bopening second-messenger gated K+ channels.
- Copening ligand gated K+ channels.
- Dclosing second-messenger gated Na+ channels.
39Adaptation in rods and cones is modulated by
- Akinase-mediated changes in the receptor molecule.
- Bthe levels of free calcium in the outer segment.
- CcAMP-mediated changes in a potassium channel.
- Ddesensitization of the photosensitive rhodopsin molecule.
40A primary difference between the responses of simple and complex cells in the visual cortex is
- Asimple cells are responsive primarily to stimuli such as spots, while complex cells are responsive primarily to light/dark boundaries.
- Bsimple cells are sensitive to boundaries alone, while complex cells often require a particular orientation and position of the boundary as well.
- Csimple cells require boundaries of particular orientation and position, while complex cells are often insensitive to boundary position.
- Dcomplex cells will respond to movement of simple spots, whereas simple cells will not.
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- Quiz sobre Chapter 11, criado por Jade P em 06-06-2019.
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- Jade P
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