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PSY204 Prosocial behaviour

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PSY204 - Week 13 - Prosocial behaviour - Chapter 13 - Practice quiz
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Resumo de Recurso

Questão 1

Questão
Acts that are positively viewed by society.
Responda
  • Prosocial Behaviour (p. 518)
  • Helping Behaviour (p. 518)
  • Altruism (p. 519)
  • Empathy (p. 522)

Questão 2

Questão
Acts that intentionally benefit someone else.
Responda
  • Helping Behaviour (p. 518)
  • Prosocial Behaviour (p. 518)
  • Altruism (p. 519)
  • Kin Selection (p. 520)

Questão 3

Questão
A special form of helping behaviour, sometimes costly, that shows concern for fellow human beings and is performed without expectation of personal gain.
Responda
  • Altruism (p. 519)
  • Mutualism (p. 520)
  • Helping Behaviour (p. 518)
  • Prosocial Behaviour (p. 518)

Questão 4

Questão
Views complex social behaviour as adaptive, helping the individual, kin and the species as a whole to survive.
Responda
  • Evolutionary Social Psychology (p. 520)
  • Social Learning Theory (p. 528)
  • Specific Personality Traits (p. 537-538)
  • Social responsibility norm (p. 548)

Questão 5

Questão
Cooperative behaviour benefits the cooperator as well as others; a defector will do worse than a cooperator.
Responda
  • Mutualism (p. 520)
  • Kin Selection (p. 520)
  • Physiological Arousal (p. 523)
  • Evaluating the Consequences (p. 523)

Questão 6

Questão
Those who cooperate are biased towards blood relatives because it helps propagate their own genes; the lack of direct benefit to the cooperator indicates altruism.
Responda
  • Kin Selection (p. 520)
  • Mutualism (p. 520)
  • Labelling the Arousal (p. 523)
  • Attachment Style (p. 538)

Questão 7

Questão
Ability to feel another person’s experiences; identifying with and experiencing another person’s emotions, thoughts and attitudes.
Responda
  • Empathy (p. 522)
  • Altruism (p. 519)
  • Attribution (p. 529)
  • Social responsibility norm (p. 548)

Questão 8

Questão
In attending to an emergency, the bystander calculates the perceived costs and benefits of providing help compared with those associated with not helping.
Responda
  • Bystander-Calculus Model (p. 522)
  • Physiological Arousal (p. 523)
  • Evaluating the Consequences (p. 523)
  • Attribution (p. 529)

Questão 9

Questão
What are the three steps in Jane Piliavin's bystander-calculus model of helping?
Responda
  • Physiological Arousal
  • Labelling the Arousal
  • Evaluating the Consequences
  • Attending to the Arousal
  • Insightful evaluation

Questão 10

Questão
Empathetic physiological reaction response. Greater arousal leads to greater helping likelihood.
Responda
  • Physiological Arousal (p. 523)
  • Labelling the Arousal (p. 523)
  • Kin Selection (p. 520)
  • Specific Personality Traits (p. 537-538)

Questão 11

Questão
The view championed by Bandura that human social behaviour is not innate but learnt from appropriate models.
Responda
  • Social Learning Theory (p. 528)
  • Modelling (p. 526)
  • Specific Personality Traits (p. 537-538)
  • Social responsibility norm (p. 548)

Questão 12

Questão
Tendency for a person to reproduce the actions, attitudes and emotional responses exhibited by a real-life or symbolic model. Also called observational learning.
Responda
  • Modelling (p. 526)
  • Attribution (p. 529)
  • Altruism (p. 519)
  • Empathy (p. 522)

Questão 13

Questão
Acquiring a behaviour after observing that another person was rewarded for it.
Responda
  • Learning by Vicarious Experience (p. 528)
  • Just-World Hypothesis (p. 529)
  • Evaluating the Consequences (p. 523)
  • Competence (p. 540-541)

Questão 14

Questão
According to Lerner and Miller, people need to believe that the world is a just place where they get what they deserve. As evidence of undeserved suffering undermines this belief, people may conclude that victims deserve their fate.
Responda
  • Just-World Hypothesis (p. 529)
  • Bystander Effect (p. 530)
  • Social responsibility norm (p. 548)
  • Bystander Apathy (p. 532)

Questão 15

Questão
People who feel good are much more likely to help someone in need than are people who feel bad.
Responda
  • Mood (p. 535-536)
  • Specific Personality Traits (p. 537-538)
  • Attachment Style (p. 538)
  • Size of Home Town (p. 538-539)

Questão 16

Questão
People who scored high on the attributes of agreeableness, self-transcendence values, empathic self-efficacy, ability to forgive, and capacity to feel embarrassed were more likely to engage in prosocial behaviour.
Responda
  • Specific Personality Traits (p. 537-538)
  • Mood (p. 535-536)
  • Attachment Style (p. 538)
  • Size of Home Town (p. 538-539)

Questão 17

Questão
Descriptions of the nature of people’s close relationships, thought to be established in childhood.
Responda
  • Specific Personality Traits (p. 537-538)
  • Attachment Style (p. 538)
  • Mood (p. 535-536)
  • Competence (p. 540-541)

Questão 18

Questão
People from small-town backgrounds were more likely to help than those from larger cities.
Responda
  • Size of Home Town (p. 538-539)
  • Attachment Style (p. 538)
  • Social responsibility norm (p. 548)
  • Diffusion of Responsibility (p. 532)

Questão 19

Questão
Often involves an unusual event, can vary in nature, is unplanned and requires a quick response.
Responda
  • Emergency situation (p. 530)
  • Attend to Event (p. 531)
  • Assume Responsibility (p. 531)
  • Decide what can be done (p. 531)

Questão 20

Questão
People are less likely to help in an emergency when they are with others than when alone. The greater the number, the less likely it is that anyone will help.
Responda
  • Bystander Effect (p. 530)
  • Emergency situation (p. 530)
  • Bystander intervention (p. 529)
  • Bystander Apathy (p. 532)

Questão 21

Questão
The idea that we should help people who are dependent and in need. It is contradicted by another norm that discourages interfering in other people’s lives.
Responda
  • Social responsibility norm (p. 548)
  • Bystander Apathy (p. 532)
  • Diffusion of Responsibility (p. 532)
  • Specific Personality Traits (p. 537-538)

Questão 22

Questão
This occurs when an individual breaks out of the role of a bystander and helps another person in an emergency.
Responda
  • Bystander intervention (p. 529)
  • Bystander Effect (p. 530)
  • Bystander Apathy (p. 532)
  • Emergency situation (p. 530)

Questão 23

Questão
A theory proposing that the presence of others can inhibit people from responding to an emergency: the more people, the slower the response.
Responda
  • Latané and Darley’s Cognitive Model (p. 530)
  • Social Learning Theory (p. 528)
  • Bystander-Calculus Model (p. 522)
  • Evolutionary Social Psychology (p. 520)

Questão 24

Questão
What are the four steps to Latane and Darley's cognitive model.
Responda
  • Attend to event
  • Is event defined as an emergency?
  • Assume responsibility
  • Decide what can be done
  • Stand and wait for someone to act
  • Stare at the sky

Questão 25

Questão
Do we even notice an event where helping may be required, such as an accident?
Responda
  • Attend to Event (p. 531)
  • Event Defined as Emergency (p. 531)
  • Assume Responsibility (p. 531)
  • Decide what can be done (p. 531)

Questão 26

Questão
How do we interpret the event?
Responda
  • Event Defined as Emergency (p. 531)
  • Attend to Event (p. 531)
  • Assume Responsibility (p. 531)
  • Decide what can be done (p. 531)

Questão 27

Questão
Do we accept personal responsibility for helping?
Responda
  • Assume Responsibility (p. 531)
  • Decide what can be done (p. 531)
  • Event Defined as Emergency (p. 531)
  • Attend to Event (p. 531)

Questão 28

Questão
What do we decide to do?
Responda
  • Decide what can be done (p. 531)
  • Assume Responsibility (p. 531)
  • Event Defined as Emergency (p. 531)
  • Attend to Event (p. 531)

Questão 29

Questão
Explanations for why people tend not to help when in a group.
Responda
  • Bystander Apathy (p. 532)
  • Diffusion of Responsibility (p. 532)
  • Bystander intervention (p. 529)
  • Bystander Effect (p. 530)

Questão 30

Questão
Tendency of an individual to assume that others will take responsibility (as a result, no one does). This is a hypothesised cause of the bystander effect.
Responda
  • Diffusion of Responsibility (p. 532)
  • Bystander Apathy (p. 532)
  • Bystander Effect (p. 530)
  • Social responsibility norm (p. 548)

Questão 31

Questão
The dread of acting inappropriately or of making a foolish mistake witnessed by others. The desire to avoid ridicule inhibits effective responses to an emergency by members of a group.
Responda
  • Fear of Social Blunders (p. 532)
  • Diffusion of Responsibility (p. 532)
  • Social responsibility norm (p. 548)
  • Bystander Effect (p. 530)

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