2502912
Questão 1
Questão
When describing the male urinary anatomy, which information should the nurse include? The portion of the male urethra that is closest to the bladder is the _____ portion.
Responda
-
Vas Deferens
-
Cavernous
-
Prostatic
-
Membranous
Questão 2
Questão
While planning care for a patient with urinary problems, the nurse recalls that the reninangiotensin system will be activated by:
Responda
-
Renal hypertension
-
Decreased blood pressure in the afferent arterioles
-
Elevated sodium concentrations
-
Increased blood volume
Questão 3
Questão
When the nurse is discussing the functional unit of the kidney, what other term should the nurse use?
Responda
-
Pyramid
-
Collecting duct
-
Calyx
-
Nephron
Questão 4
Questão
A 35yearold hypertensive male begins taking a diuretic. Which of the following common side effects of this medication should the nurse monitor?
Responda
-
Hyponatremia
-
Increased Uric Acid Secretion
-
Hypokalemia
-
Hypermagnesemia
Questão 5
Questão
When the nurse is discussing the sodiumsensing cells of the glomerulus, what term should the nurse use?
Responda
-
Macula densa
-
Podocytes
-
Mesangial Cells
-
Loop of Henle
Questão 6
Questão
A 28-year-old female presents with fever, chills, and flank pain. She is diagnosed with pyelonephritis. A nurse recalls the patient’s infection is located in the:
Responda
-
Bladder
-
Glomerulus
-
Renal Tubules
-
Renal Pelvis
Questão 7
Questão
A 42yearold male is involved in a motor vehicle accident during which he loses a lot of blood. The nurse realizes he is in acute renal failure caused by:
Responda
-
Obstruction of the proximal tubule
-
Kidney stones
-
Immune complex deposition in the glomerulus
-
Inadequate renal blood flow
Questão 8
Questão
A 60yearold male is diagnosed with renal failure. While the nurse is reviewing lab results, which of the following lab values would be most consistent with this diagnosis?
Responda
-
Increased urea clearance
-
Decreased plasma potassium level
-
Metabolic alkalosis
-
Elevated plasma creatinine level
Questão 9
Questão
A 45yearold female presents with hypertension, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, and anemia. She is diagnosed with chronic renal failure. When the patient asks what caused this anemia, how should the nurse respond? Your anemia is caused by:
Responda
-
Red blood cells being lost in the urine
-
Inadequate production of erythropoietin
-
Red blood cells being injured as they pass through the glomerulus
-
Inadequate iron absorption in the gut
Questão 10
Questão
A 42yearold female is diagnosed with chronic renal failure, and the nurse is discussing dietary treatment. Which information indicates the nurse understands dietary regimen? Treatment includes restricting:
Responda
-
Fats
-
Proteins
-
Sugars
-
Complex Carbohydrates
Questão 11
Questão
When a patient asks what the most common type of renal stones is composed of, how should the nurse respond? The most common type of renal stone is composed of:
Responda
-
Phosphate
-
Struvite
-
Calcium
-
Magnesium
Questão 12
Questão
A 25yearold female presents with burning urination. She was diagnosed with a urinary tract infection. When the nurse checks the culture results, which of the following organisms is most likely infecting her urinary tract?
Responda
-
Chlamydia
-
Escherichia coli
-
Streptococcus
-
Candida albicans
Questão 13
Questão
Upon examination of a male infant, it is determined that the urethral meatus is located on the undersurface of the penis. The nurse will document this condition as:
Responda
-
Hypospadias
-
Cryptorchidism
-
Hydroureter
-
Epispadias
Questão 14
Questão
Which of the following clusters of symptoms would make a clinician suspect a child has developed glomerulonephritis?
Responda
-
Dysuria, urinary frequency, and abdominal tenderness
-
Proteinuria, hypotension, and ascites
-
Gross hematuria, flank pain, and hypertension
-
Pyuria, fever, and abdominal pain
Questão 15
Questão
A 7yearold male presents to his primary care provider for incontinence. His mother indicates that he has never been continent. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis the nurse will observe on the chart?
Responda
-
Diurnal enuresis
-
Secondary enuresis
-
Primary enuresis
-
Nocturnal enuresis
Questão 16
Questão
A 15yearold female presents with flank pain, irritability, malaise, and fever. Tests reveal glomerulonephritis. When the parents ask what could have caused this, how should the nurse respond?
Responda
-
Nephrotic syndrome
-
Potter syndrome
-
Nephropathy
-
Poststreptococcal infection
Questão 17
Questão
Which information indicates the nurse has a good understanding of female anatomy? Having ejected a mature ovum, the ovarian follicle then develops into:
Responda
-
A theca cell
-
Scar tissue
-
An atretic follicle
-
A corpus luteum
Questão 18
Questão
Which information indicates the nurse has a good understanding of progesterone? Progesterone is primarily secreted by the:
Responda
-
Granulose cells
-
Anterior pituitary
-
Follicle
-
Corpus luteum
Questão 19
Questão
A clinician is preparing to teach about spermatogenesis. Which information should the clinician include? Spermatogenesis occurs in the:
Responda
-
Inguinal canals
-
Seminiferous tubules
-
Vas deferens
-
Epididymis
Questão 20
Questão
When a staff member asks the nurse what the thick middle layer of the uterine wall is called, what is the nurse’s best response? The:
Responda
-
Endometrium
-
Epithelial layer
-
Perimetrium
-
Myometrium
Questão 21
Questão
In the majority of cases delayed puberty is due to:
Responda
-
A disruption of the pituitary
-
Slow maturation
-
A disruption in the hypothalamus
-
Ambiguity in sex determination
Questão 22
Questão
A 21yearold female is infected with human papillomavirus (HPV) following unprotected sexual intercourse with a male she recently met. She is now at higher risk of developing which of the following cancers?
Responda
-
Ovarian
-
Endometrial
-
Vulvar
-
Cervical
Questão 23
Questão
Cryptorchidism can be defined as:
Responda
-
Problems with testicular descent
-
An abnormal state in which the testes are overdeveloped
-
Lack of a scrotum
-
A normal developmental state of the testes
Questão 24
Questão
A middle aged male speaks to his physician about benign BPH. He reveals that his father was recently diagnosed with this condition, and he wants to know if he could have it. The physician tells him that a common complaint from men with mild to moderate BPH is:
Responda
-
Infertility
-
Sexual Dysfunction
-
Decreased Urinary Stream
-
Prostatodynia
Questão 25
Questão
The patient’s medication has a side effect of gynecomastia. The patient asks the nurse to define this term. The nurse would respond that gynecomastia is:
Responda
-
Overdevelopment of breast tissue in males
-
A type of breast cancer
-
Inflammation of the mammary glands in lactating women
-
Lack of breast development in women
Questão 26
Questão
A 25yearold female presents with amenorrhea and hirsutism. She is diagnosed with PCOS. Lab testing will most likely reveal:
Responda
-
Genetic cancerous mutations
-
Estrogen deficit
-
Cortisol excess
-
Hyperinsulinemia
Questão 27
Questão
A 30yearold female with newly diagnosed PCOS is being counseled by her OBGYN. The physician indicates that this condition often results in:
Responda
-
Early menopause
-
Infertility
-
Ovarian cancer
-
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Questão 28
Questão
A 23yearold sexually active female presents with white copious discharge and itch. She is diagnosed with yeast vaginitis caused by overgrowth of which microorganism?
Responda
-
Candida albicans
-
Lactobacillus acidophilus
-
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
-
Escherichia coli
Questão 29
Questão
The descent of the bladder and the anterior vaginal wall into the vaginal canal is called a:
Responda
-
Varicocele
-
Urethrocele
-
Rectocele
-
Cystocele
Questão 30
Questão
A 40yearold female presents with cramping and excessive vaginal bleeding. Ultrasound reveals benign uterine tumors in the smooth muscle cells of the myometrium. These tumors are commonly called:
Responda
-
Endometriosis
-
Adenomas
-
Adenomyosis
-
Leiomyomas
Questão 31
Questão
Which sphincter prevents reflux of digested material from the colon into the small intestine?
Responda
-
Lower esophageal
-
Pyloric
-
Ileocecal valve
-
Haustral
Questão 32
Questão
The ileum and jejunum are suspended by folds of the peritoneum known as the _____ that contains an extensive vascular and nervous network.
Responda
-
Mesentery
-
Meissner plexus
-
Myenteric plexus
-
Auerbach fold
Questão 33
Questão
In the liver, free bilirubin moves from the plasma in the sinusoids into the hepatocytes, where it is converted into:
Responda
-
Conjugated bilirubin
-
Urobilinogen
-
Unconjugated bilirubin
-
Biliverdin
Questão 34
Questão
The exocrine portion of the pancreas contains:
Responda
-
Beta cells
-
Islets of Langerhans
-
Ducts
-
Alpha Cells
Questão 35
Questão
The nursing student is teaching a class to second graders. The student would correctly identify that food moves down the esophagus via the process termed:
Responda
-
Haustral segmentation
-
Peristalsis
-
Retropulsion
-
Defecation
Questão 36
Questão
A 10monthold is brought to the pediatrician by the mother who states the baby has been experiencing colicky pain followed by vomiting, sweating, nausea, and irritability. Testing reveals a condition in which one part of the intestine telescopes into another. From which type of intestinal obstruction is he suffering?
Responda
-
Ileus
-
Torsion
-
Hernia
-
Intussusception
Questão 37
Questão
A 20yearold male was recently diagnosed with lactose intolerance. He eats an ice cream cone and develops diarrhea. His diarrhea can be classified as _____ diarrhea.
Responda
-
Hypotonic
-
Osmotic
-
Secretory
-
Motility
Questão 38
Questão
Clinical manifestations of bile salt deficiencies are related to poor absorption of:
Responda
-
Fats and fatsoluble vitamins
-
Minerals
-
Watersoluble vitamins
-
Proteins
Questão 39
Questão
A 30yearold obese female underwent gastric resection in an attempt to lose weight. Which of the following complications could the surgery cause?
Responda
-
Hiccups
-
Constipation
-
Anemia
-
Acid Reflux Gastritis
Questão 40
Questão
Which of the following symptoms would help a health care provider distinguish between ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease?
Responda
-
Diarrhea
-
Malabsorption
-
Pattern of remission/exacerbations
-
Abdominal Pain
Questão 41
Questão
A 16yearold female presents with abdominal pain in the right lower quadrant. Physical examination reveals rebound tenderness and a lowgrade fever. A possible diagnosis would be:
Responda
-
Pancreatitis
-
Hepatitis
-
Appendicitis
-
Colon cancer
Questão 42
Questão
A 54yearold male complains that he has been vomiting blood. Tests reveal portal hypertension. Which of the following is the most likely cause of his condition?
Responda
-
Cirrhosis of the liver
-
Thrombosis in the spleen
-
Renal stenosis
-
Left ventricular failure
Questão 43
Questão
Manifestations associated with hepatic encephalopathy from chronic liver disease are the result of:
Responda
-
Decreased cerebral blood flow
-
Fluid and electrolyte imbalances
-
Hyperbilirubinemia and jaundice
-
Impaired ammonia metabolism
Questão 44
Questão
An increase in the rate of red blood cell breakdown causes which form of jaundice?
Responda
-
Hemolytic
-
Hepatocellular
-
Metabolic
-
Obstructive
Questão 45
Questão
A 55yearold female has general symptoms of gallstones but is also jaundiced. IV cholangiography would most likely reveal that the gallstones are obstructing the
Responda
-
Gallbladder
-
Common Bile Duct
-
Cystic Duct
-
Intrahepatic Bile canaliculi
Questão 46
Questão
Reflux esophagitis is defined as a(n):
Responda
-
Secretory response to hiatal hernia
-
Inflammatory response to gastroesophageal reflux
-
Congenital anomaly
-
Immune response to gastroesophageal reflux
Questão 47
Questão
Which of the following gastrointestinal (GI) clinical manifestations is subjective? (Select all that apply.)
Responda
-
Diarrhea
-
Retching
-
Nausea
-
Anorexia
-
Vomiting
Questão 48
Questão
Prolonged diarrhea is more serious in children than adults because:
Responda
-
Fluid reserves are lower in children
-
Children have lower adipose reserves.
-
Children are more resistant to antimicrobial therapy.
-
Children have a lower metabolic rate.
Questão 49
Questão
Which condition should the nurse assess for in mothers carrying fetuses affected by esophageal malformations?
Responda
-
Short umbilical cords
-
Enlarged placentas
-
Excessive amniotic fluid
-
Foul smelling vaginal discharge
Questão 50
Questão
A mother brings her 2weekold infant to the pediatrician because he vomits forcefully for no apparent reason and food sometimes is regurgitated as though undigested. The infant is most likely suffering from:
Responda
-
Pyloric stenosis
-
Meconium ileus
-
Galactosemia
-
Esophageal atresia
Questão 51
Questão
A 2monthold female with Down syndrome is diagnosed with Hirschsprung disease following family complaints of chronic constipation. The most likely cause of these symptoms is:
Responda
-
Absence of ganglia along the length of the colon
-
Excessive use of glycerin suppositories to promote bowel elimination
-
Additional ganglia throughout the length of the colon
-
The use of cow’s milk instead of formula
Questão 52
Questão
When a staff member asks the nurse about the contractile unit of a muscle, how should the nurse reply? The contractile unit of a muscle cell is called the:
Responda
-
Myofibril
-
Ribosome
-
Motor Unit
-
Basement membrane
Questão 53
Questão
When the nurse is using the term “sarcopenia,” what is the nurse describing? It is the:
Responda
-
Absence of muscle cells
-
Agerelated loss in skeletal muscle
-
Muscles that are unable to contract
-
Fatigue of muscle cells
Questão 54
Questão
While planning care for a patient with muscle problems, which information should the nurse remember? _____ ions directly control the contraction of muscles.
Responda
-
Potassium
-
Sodium
-
Calcium
-
Magnesium
Questão 55
Questão
The nurse observed the patient’s muscle contracted, but the limb did not move. How should the nurse chart this muscle contraction?
Responda
-
Isotonic contraction
-
Concentric contraction
-
Eccentric contraction
-
Isometric contraction
Questão 56
Questão
Which of the following clinical findings would be expected in the patient with rhabdomyolysis?
Responda
-
Dark Urine
-
Sweating
-
Yellow Color to the Skin
-
Lower Extremity Swelling
Questão 57
Questão
A 70yearold female presents with a hip fracture. She is diagnosed with osteoporosis. One factor that most likely contributed to her condition is:
Responda
-
Excessive dietary calcium
-
Strenuous exercise
-
Increased androgen levels
-
Decreased estrogen levels
Questão 58
Questão
A disorder similar to osteomalacia that occurs in growing bones of children is termed:
Responda
-
Osteomyelitis
-
Paget disease
-
Osteosarcoma
-
Rickets
Questão 59
Questão
A 54yearold female was recently diagnosed with degenerative joint disease. This condition is characterized by loss of:
Responda
-
Synovial fluid
-
Articular cartilage
-
The epiphyses
-
The joint capsule
Questão 60
Questão
Researchers now believe that RA is:
Responda
-
Curable with antiviral agents
-
An autoimmune disease
-
A complication of rheumatic fever
-
Related superficial joint injury
Questão 61
Questão
A 46yearold male presents with severe pain, redness, and tenderness in the right big toe. He was diagnosed with gouty arthritis. The symptoms he experienced are caused by the crystallization of _____ within the synovial fluid.
Responda
-
Uric acid
-
Pyrimidines
-
Acetic acid
-
Purines
Questão 62
Questão
A 32yearold male was injured in a motor vehicle accident and confined to bed for 3 weeks. During this time, the size and strength of muscle fibers decreased, a condition referred to as:
Responda
-
Myodysplasia
-
Deconditioning hypoplasia
-
Ischemic Atrophy
-
Disuse Atrophy
Questão 63
Questão
A 70yearold female with osteoporosis fractures her leg at a location of preexisting abnormality. She reports that the fracture occurred following a minor fall. Which of the following best describes the fracture?
Responda
-
Greenstick fracture
-
Fatigue fracture
-
Stress fracture
-
Pathologic fracture
Questão 64
Questão
Fibromyalgia is a chronic musculoskeletal disorder characterized by:
Responda
-
Diffuse pain, fatigue, and tender points
-
Neurologic pain in the skeletal muscles
-
Muscle pain in the back and gastrointestinal symptoms
-
Pain resulting from joint and muscle inflammation
Questão 65
Questão
Ewing sarcoma originates from:
Responda
-
The Spleen
-
Osteoblasts
-
The Bone Marrow
-
Epithelial Cells
Questão 66
Questão
Children with OI suffer from frequent:
Responda
-
Dislocations
-
Bone Infections
-
Bone Fractures
-
Joint Injuries
Questão 67
Questão
Tinea corporis (ringworm) is a _____ infection of the skin.
Responda
-
Nematode
-
Bacterial
-
Fungal
-
Viral
Questão 68
Questão
A 20yearold female presents with vaginal itch and thinwalled pustular lesions. She is diagnosed with candidiasis. This condition is caused by a:
Responda
-
Virus
-
Bacterium
-
Yeast
-
Fungus
Questão 69
Questão
When assessing a patient with scleroderma, which changes in the skin will be observed?
Responda
-
Hardening
-
Thinning
-
Necrosis
-
Hyperpigmented
Questão 70
Questão
A 40yearold female is diagnosed with skin cancer. Her primary care provider explains that the most important risk factor for skin cancer is:
Responda
-
Amount of sun exposure over age 50
-
Living in equatorial regions where the sun is most intense
-
Amount of direct sun exposure at a young age
-
Lifetime amount of sun exposure
Questão 71
Questão
In burn injury patients, the rule of nines and the Lund and Browder chart are used to estimate:
Responda
-
Degree of systemic involvement
-
Possibility of infection
-
Total body surface area burned
-
Depth of burn injury
Questão 72
Questão
A 30yearold male firefighter is badly burned and is admitted to the emergency department. Which of the following would be expected in the first 24 hours?
Responda
-
Fluid Overload
-
Diuresis
-
Decreased Levels of Stress Hormones
-
Increased Capillary Permeability
Questão 73
Questão
Rubella, rubeola, and roseola are common communicable diseases caused by _____ infection.
Responda
-
Yeast
-
Fungal
-
Viral
-
Bacterial
Questão 74
Questão
If a woman has a 28 day menstrual cycle, when will ovulation occur?
Responda
-
Day 1
-
Last day
-
Day 14
-
Day 28
Questão 75
Questão
A 40 year old patient is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis? What lab values would you expect to find?
Responda
-
Elevated AST and ALT
-
Elevated amylase and lipase
-
Decreased bilirubin
-
Increased albumin
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