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Perguntas do quiz (100)
11. In chronic kidney disease, the following statements hold:
- Aa. Anemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism are important complications chronic kidney disease
- Bb. Chronic, slowly progressing kidney disease can last for years proceeds asymptomatically
- Cc. Hyperphosphatemia is not required in chronic kidney disease to heal
- Dd. A patient with anemia due to chronic kidney disease needs it as soon as possible apply erythropoietin
- Ee. It is always necessary before starting treatment with erythropoietin check iron stocks and replace iron if stocks are insufficient
22. Acute pyelonephritis is characterized by:
- Aa. Fever
- Bb. Polyuria
- Cc. Dysuria
- Dd. Lumbar pain
- Ee. Perineal pain
33. Acute cystitis is characterized by:
- Aa. Bladder pain
- Bb. Frequent urination
- Cc. Discharge of small amounts of turbid urine
- Dd. Burning micturition
- Ee. All of the above
44. The symptoms and signs of hyperkalaemia are:
- Aa. muscle weakness and loose paralysis that begins in the lower limbs, progresses to the muscles of the torso and upper limbs
- Bb. respiratory muscles and muscles resuscitated by cerebral nerves, usually are not affected
- Cc. with increasing serum potassium concentration, the ECG changes significantly
- Dd. generalized convulsions
- Ee. hearing loss
55. Asymptomatic proteinuria means:
- Aa. Proteinuria 150 mg to 3 grams / day
- Bb. Proteinuria 100-140 mg / day
- Cc. Proteinuria over 3 g / day
- Dd. Asymptomatic proteinuria
- Ee. Proteinuria 150 micrograms to 3 milligrams / day
66. Which task is NOT a hemodialysis task?
- Aa. removal of uremic toxins
- Bb. treatment of renal anemia
- Cc. regulation of electrolyte balance
- Dd. regulation of water balance
- Ee. regulation of acid-base balance
77. To prevent blood clotting in the dialysis system during hemodialysis we use the procedure:
- Aa. Coumarin
- Bb. Standard heparin
- Cc. Low molecular weight heparin
- Dd. Aspirin
- Ee. Citrate
88. The modern definition of chronic kidney disease is
- Aa. Renal dysfunction with reduced glomerular filtration lasting more than 3 months
- Bb. Structural renal impairment with normal glomerular filtration lasting longer than 3 months
- Cc. Structural failure with reduced glomerular filtration lasting more than 3months
- Dd. Functional or structural renal impairment with normal or reduced glomerular filtration lasting
more than 3 months - Ee. Structural or functional renal impairment requiring replacement dialysis treatment
99. Among the risk factors for the progression of chronic kidney disease the most important are:
- Aa. Age
- Bb. The underlying disease
- Cc. Proteinuria
- Dd. Hyperlipidemia
- Ee. Arterial hypertension
- Ff. Smoking
1010. Absolute delays in initiating end-stage renal replacement therapy dialysis failures are:
- Aa. Patient's age
- Bb. Heart failure
- Cc. Malignant diseases
- Dd. Poor social status
- Ee. There are no absolute reservations (restrictions?)
1111. Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by:
- Aa. proteinuria greater than 3 g / day or 3.5 g / day / 1.73 m2, hypoalbuminemia, swelling, bacteriuria
- Bb. proteinuria greater than 3 g / day or 3.5 g / day / 1.73 m2, hypoalbuminemia, swelling, pyuria
- Cc. proteinuria greater than 3 g / day or 3.5 g / day / 1.73 m2, hypoalbuminemia, swelling, hematuria
- Dd. proteinuria greater than 3 g / day or 3.5 g / day / 1.73 m2, hypoalbuminemia, swelling,
hyperlipoproteinemia, lipiduria - Ee. proteinuria greater than 3 g / day or 3.5 g / day / 1.73 m2, hypoalbuminemia, hypertension, hematuria
1212. A twenty-year-old patient went to the doctor because one day before on examination he noticed that in the morning, when he awoke, he was very swollen in the face. He also noticed that he walked less on water and that his urine was reddish-brown, as if excreting coke. Over that he got the feeling that he also took refuge in lower extremities. After an additional question, he said it was a bad two weeks before, he had an acute throat infection, probably angina otherwise he has been ill several times. He didn’t go to the doctor, but started on his own treated with Ospen.
On examination, he was swollen in the face, had marked ominous swellings shins. Blood pressure was 150/100 mm Hg. They performed basic laboratory tests. They are in the urine with the test confirmed proteinuria 3, proved the presence of blood and also leukocytes. Microscopic examination of urine confirmed hematuria, erythrocyte cylinders were also present, and the number of leukocytes in the visual field was increased.
What is the (most likely) diagnosis of this condition?- Aa. acute pyelonephritis
- Bb. acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis
- Cc. nephrotic syndrome
- Dd. acute interstitial nephritis after medication
- Ee. no diagnosis is correct
1313. The main features of continuous dialysis methods are:
- Aa. they are used in patients with end-stage renal disease
- Bb. they are used in critically ill patients in intensive care units
- Cc. as a rule, they are performed 24 hours a day
- Dd. they are suitable for the treatment of hyperkalemia because they have high clearance for small molecules
- Ee. allow greater circulatory stability compared to the classical hemodialysis
1414. Which type of renal replacement therapy allows the longest survival?
- Aa. Hemodialysis
- Bb. Peritoneal dialysis
- Cc. Kidney transplant
- Dd. Hemodiafiltration
- Ee. Hemofiltration
1515. What is NOT an absolute contraindication for a kidney transplant in a patient?
- Aa. Age of patient over 65 years
- Bb. Untreated malignancy
- Cc. Active infection
- Dd. Alcohol and drug addiction
- Ee. Non-participation in treatment
1616. What is the most common form of acute renal failure:
- Aa) prerenal acute renal failure
- Bb) parenchymal acute renal failure
- Cc) postrenal acute renal failure due to acute obstruction hollow urinary system
- Dd) renal impairment due to receiving nephrotoxic drugs
- Ee) renal impairment after urological operations
1717. What are the main advantages of peritoneal dialysis compared to hemodialysis?
- Aa. There is no need for a vascular approach
- Bb. It is performed at home
- Cc. It has high purifications for small molecules
- Dd. Residual renal function is maintained for a long time
- Ee. It is suitable for rapid corrections of electrolyte disturbances
1818. Risk factors for complex urinary tract infections include:
- AA. anatomical or functional abnormalities of the urinary tract
- BB. recurrence of urinary tract infection
- CC. permanent urinary catheter
- DD. diabetes
- EE. sexually transmitted infection
199. What is the most common cystic kidney disease in adults?
- AA. Simple renal cysts
- BB. Acquired cystic kidney disease
- CC. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
- DD. Hippel-Lindau syndrome
2020. Which imaging examination of the urinary tract is in our country today due to accessibility, non-invasiveness, a large amount of information, the possibility of implementation at the bedside patient, arbitrary repetition of examinations and monitoring of pathological conditions
and guided interventions most commonly used:- Aa. Transparent X-ray image of the urinary tract
- Bb. Doppler ultrasound examinations
- Cc. Intravenous urography
- Dd. Computed tomography
- Ee. Magnetic resonance
2121. Hematuria means:
- Aa. Increased number of erythrocytes in urine (more than 2 erythrocytes in sediment urine at 400x
magnification) - Bb. At least 1 erythrocyte in urine at 400-fold magnification
- Cc. More than 2 erythrocytes in urine at 400-fold magnification and reddish urine
- Dd. Reddish urine
- Ee. Concomitant presence of kidney stones and reddish urine
- Aa. Increased number of erythrocytes in urine (more than 2 erythrocytes in sediment urine at 400x
2222. In oliguric acute renal failure, diuresis is:
- Aa. <100 ml / day
- Bb. <400 ml / day
- Cc. <1000 ml / day
- Dd. <50 ml / day
- Ee. <750 ml / day
2323. In acute intrinsic (parenchymal) renal failure there is a daily increase serum creatinine concentrations:
- Aa. 100- 120 μmol / L / day
- Bb. 44-88 μmol / L / day
- Cc. 120-200 μmol / L / day
- Dd. 200- 300 μmol / L / day
- Ee. > 300 μmol / L / day
2424. Under what conditions does creatinine clearance reflect glomerular filtration?
- Aa. When renal function deteriorates rapidly
- Bb. Only when renal function is stable
- Cc. Even if the patient does not collect any 24-hour urine
- Dd. When the concentration of creatinine in the urine is reduced
- Ee. Creatinine clearance does not reflect glomerular filtration
2525. Cystatin C is a protein:
- Aa. Which is elevated at the time of inflammation
- Bb. Which is a better indicator of glomerular filtration than serum concentration creatinine
- Cc. Formed only in the renal tubules
- Dd. Formed only in the glomeruli
- Ee. It is introduced into the body through food and is not suitable for glomerular assessment filtration
2626. The main laboratory indicator of acute renal transplant rejection is:
- Aa. Leukocyturia
- Bb. Erythrocyturia
- Cc. Proteinuria
- Dd. Increase in serum creatinine concentration
- Ee. Accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rate
2727. Intrinsic (parenchymal) acute renal failure most commonly occurs because:
- Aa. Renal artery thrombosis
- Bb. Acute tubular necrosis
- Cc. Diseases of the small renal vessels
- Dd. Acute tubulointerstitial diseases
- Ee. Renal vein thrombosis
2828. What is the most important factor that increases the risk of contrast kidney failure?
- Aa. Heart failure
- Bb. Diabetes
- Cc. Hypotension
- Dd. Decreased renal function
- Ee. Hypovolemia
2929. The following applies to kidney transplantation:
- Aa. After kidney transplant failure, re-transplantation is possible
- Bb. Maintenance immunosuppressive therapy can be discontinued one year after transplantation
- Cc. Before transplantation, all patients should have their heart condition examined and arteries
- Dd. In most deceased kidney donors, the cause of death is cerebral haemorrhage or injury
- Ee. The age of the donors does not affect the survival of the transplanted kidney
3030. Which statement is correct for IgA nephropathy:
- Aa. It is rare among primary glomerular diseases, it appears as proteinuria, rarely as hematuria
- Bb. It is the most common of the primary glomerular diseases, it appears macrohematuria or microhematuria or as a chronic nephritic syndrome, rarely manifests as nephrotic syndrome, malignant arterial hypertension or rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis
- Cc. It is one of the main causes of nephrotic syndrome
- Dd. Acute renal failure is common in IgA nephropathy
- Ee. Because the clinical picture of IgA nephropathy is quite characteristic, not for diagnosis we need kidney biopsies
3131. Osmotic demyelination occurs in:
- Aa. In too slow correction of acute hyponatremia
- Bb. Too early correction of chronic hyponatremia
- Cc. Too slow correction of chronic hyponatremia
- Dd. Use hypertonic NaCl solutions
3232. The most important measure to prevent contrast renal impairment in high-risk patients is:
- Aa. Hydration by infusion of 0.45% NaCl
- Bb. Acetylcysteine 600 mg per os before and after surgery
- Cc. Acetylcysteine 1200 mg per os before and after surgery
- Dd. Acetylcysteine 1200 mg intravenously before and after surgery
- Ee. Hydration by infusion of 0.9% NaCl
3333. What is the most significant adverse side effect of calcineurins inhibitors?
- Aa. Hepatotoxicity
- Bb. Neurotoxicity
- Cc. Nephrotoxicity
- Dd. Hyperkalemia
- Ee. Diabetogenicity
3434. The cause of microalbuminuria is to be found in:
- Aa. Glomerulonephritis
- Bb. Amyloidosis
- Cc. Diabetic and hypertensive nephropathy
- Dd. Tubulointerstitial diseases
- Ee. Nephrosclerosis
3535. Measures to prevent the progression of chronic kidney disease
- Aa. Treatment of arterial hypertension
- Bb. Reduction of proteinuria
- Cc. Diet
- Dd. Treatment of metabolic acidosis
- Ee. Prohibition of physical activity
3636. What are the characteristics of a simple cyst?
- AA. The number and size of cysts increase with age
- BB. They have a thin, smooth and round wall that is well separated from the surroundings
- CC. The cyst has barriers, inhomogeneous inclusions and grows rapidly
- DD. The cyst grows on average by 2 mm per year
3737. What is the most common polycystic kidney disease in adults?
- AA. Multiple simple renal cysts
- BB. Acquired cystic kidney disease
- CC. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
- DD. Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease
3838. What are the possible complications that a large kidney cyst can cause?
- Aa. Pain
- Bb. Arterial hypertension
- Cc. Cyst infection
- Dd. Bleeding into the cyst and hematuria
3939. Asymptomatic proteinuria means:
- Aa. Proteinuria 150 mg to 3 grams / day
- Bb. Proteinuria 100-140 mg / day
- Cc. Proteinuria over 3 g / day
- Dd. Asymptomatic proteinuria
- Ee. Proteinuria 150 micrograms to 3 milligrams / day or 3.5 milligrams / day / 1.73 m2
4040. Nephrotic proteinuria is when in 24 hours of urination:
- Aa. 150 mg to 0.5 g of protein
- Bb. > 1 g to 2 g protein
- Cc. More than 3 g of protein or 3.5 g / 1.73 m2 of surface
- Dd. 0.6 -1.0 g protein
- Ee. > 2g to 3g protein
4141. The methods for determining glomerular filtration are:
- Aa) Creatinine clearance and evaluation of glomerular filtration rate with measurement of serum creatinine
- Bb) Estimation of glomerular filtration rate using based equations on serum creatinine concentration
- Cc) Determination of daily proteinuria
- Dd) Determination of urea concentration
- Ee) Measurement of daily diuresis
4242. The most common indications for renal biopsy are:
- Aa. Nephrotic syndrome, acute and chronic nephritic syndrome
- Bb. Acute pyelonephritis
- Cc. Acute renal impairment
- Dd. Chronic kidney disease
- Ee. Renal neoplasm
- Ff. diabetic nephropathy
4343. The standard conditions for safe renal biopsy are:
- Aa) Regulated blood pressure
- Bb) Normal hemostasis tests
- Cc) Normal creatinine concentration
- Dd) Hemoglobin concentration > 100 g / L
- Ee) Longitudinal diameter of the kidney at least 11 cm
4444. In the diagnosis of glomerular diseases, in addition to an accurate history and clinical examination important:
- Aa) examination of urine, assessment of renal function, morphological presentation of kidneys with Ultrasound examination, serological immunological examinations and histopathological renal tissue examination
- Bb) renal isotope examination, CT, MR
- Cc) determination of the osmolality of urine and serum and urine electrolytes
- Dd) determination of acid - base status
- Ee) determination of functional renal reserve
4545. Acute nephritic syndrome or acute glomerulonephritis begins:
- Aa. with oliguria, haematuria, edema, arterial hypertension, proteinuria, erythrocyte cylinders in urine, reduced glomerular filtration
- Bb. lumbar pain, fever, nausea and vomiting
- Cc. dysuria, polakisuria, nocturia, pyuria
- Dd. proteinuria, hematuria, polydipsia, polyuria
- Ee. proteinuria, hematuria, dysuria
4646. The origin of hematuria in the renal parenchyma is indicated by:
- Aa) erythrocyte cylinders, proteinuria usually> 500 mg / day, dysmorphic erythrocytes, acanthocytes
- Bb) suprapubic pain, dysuria, blood clots in the urine, absence erythrocyte cylinders, normal erythrocytes in urine
- Cc) quantitative lumbar pain, hematuria
- Dd) dysuria, hematuria
- Ee) polakisuria, hematuria
4747. Chronic glomerulonephritis or chronic nephritic syndrome is characterized by:
- Aa) arterial hypertension, proteinuria, on ultrasound of large, juicy kidneys
- Bb) arterial hypertension, proteinuria <3 g / day, glomerular erythrocyturia, decreased renal function, morphologically reduced kidneys with thinned parenchymal layer and increased resistance index
- Cc) onset of febrile condition with attacks of renal colic, frequent hematuria and pyuria
- Dd) severe proteinuria but ultrasound of normal kidneys
- Ee) arterial hypertension, proteinuria, hematuria, morphological normally large or slightly enlarged kidneys, creatinine clearance is increased
4848. Rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis is characterized by:
- Aa. progresses faster than acute glomerulonephritis
- Bb. proceeds with the same symptoms and signs as acute glomerulonephritis, only in acute glomerulonephritis, everything happens in a few days, in rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis, however, mostly within few weeks
- Cc. signs and symptoms are more pronounced in the elderly, signs systemic diseases are usually absent
- Dd. in addition to worsening renal function, severe proteinuria is present, polyuria, weight loss has no major effect on renal function
4949. Acute uncomplicated cystitis in a young non-pregnant woman is treated empirically from:
- Aa. Nitrofurantoin orally for 5 days; trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 3 days if we know the susceptibility of the pathogen
- Bb. A single high dose of antibiotics
- Cc. 7-day antibiotic treatment
- Dd. 10 - day antibiotic treatment
- Ee. 14 - day antibiotic treatment
5050. Proteinuria due to primary glomerular disease is attributed to:
- Aa) neurohumoral causes
- Bb) activation of the sympathetic system
- Cc) glomerular permeability impairment
- Dd) impaired tubular reabsorption
- Ee) impaired tubular secretion
5151. To confirm an acute bacterial urinary tract infection, it is important to:
- Aa) finding of proteinuria and erythrocyturia
- Bb) finding of pyuria and bacteriuria
- Cc) finding of isostenuria and cylindruria
- Dd) finding erythrocyte cylinders
- Ee) finding hyaline cylinders
5252. How many patients in the world have been treated with chronic dialysis because of the final renal failure in late 2012?
- Aa. About 100,000
- Bb. About 1,000,000
- Cc. > 2,000,000
- Dd. 400,000-500,000
- Ee. 200,000
5353. Asymptomatic bacteriuria, finding 105 or more bacterial colonies in ml urine in two consecutive morning urine samples in a person without pyuria or clinical signs of urinary tract infection in adults:
- Aa) not treated, except in pregnant women, patients with urinary stones or permanent urinary catheter prior to planned invasive or surgery
- Bb) we always treat
- Cc) we never treat
- Dd) we usually treat
- Ee) treat in the elderly
5454. Euvolemic hyponatraemia is found in:
- AA. Heart failure
- BB. Hypothyroidism
- CC. Liver cirrhosis
- DD. Treatment with diuretics
- EE. Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone
5555. As acute hyponatremia we define hyponatremia which has arisen in less than:
- AA. 24 hours
- BB. 36 hours
- CC. 48 hours
- DD. 72 hours
5656. Chronic asymptomatic hyponatremia is corrected at the rate of:
- AA. Not more than 6 mmol / l in 24 hours
- BB. Not more than 12 mmol / l in 24 hours
- CC. Not more than 18 mmol / l in 24 hours
- DD. Not more than 24 mmol / l in 24 hours
5757. Renal function is most accurately assessed by:
- A1. determine the serum concentration of urea and creatinine in the blood
- B2. do a basic urine test with a test strip
- C3. evaluate the glomerular filtration rate
- D4. assess proteinuria
- E5. measure blood pressure
5858. The most important thing to assess the cause of kidney disease is:
- A1. determine the serum concentration of urea and creatinine in the blood
- B2. do a basic urine test with a test strip
- C3. assess glomerular filtration rate
- D4. do a basic urine test with a test strip and examine sediment urine
- E5. measure blood pressure
5959. N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG) in urine is subject to all BUT:
- A1. is an enzyme found in tubular cells
- B2. is excreted only by glomerular filtration
- C3. Elevated urinary NAG concentration is characteristic of injury tubules
- D4. The concentration of NAG in the urine is increased in tubular damage due to nephrotoxic drugs
- E5. is an important enzyme for assessing renal tubular damage
6060. Which statement is incorrect: the reduced glomerular filtration rate is:
- A1. due to acute kidney disease
- B2. due to chronic kidney disease
- C3. due to renal factors
- D4. a sign of increased cardiovascular risk if it is lower than 60ml / min / 1.73 m2
- E5. solely due to intrinsic kidney disease
6161. Serum blood creatinine levels are NOT affected by:
- A1. eating red meat
- B2. muscle mass
- C3. morbid obesity
- D4. taking trimethoprim
- E5. malnutrition
6262. Creatinine clearance is determined:
- A1. when renal function deteriorates rapidly
- B2. when renal function is stable
- C3. when the serum creatinine concentration falls below 100 umol / L
- D4. when the amount of urine decreases
- E5. when serum creatinine and urea are elevated at the same time
6363. Which of the following statements is incorrect:
- A1. in the early stage of renal disease, when glomerular filtration is only mild reduced, serum creatinine is still normal
- B2. to estimate the glomerular filtration rate, the MDRD equation is in practice the most suitable
- C3. In everyday work, we usually use to estimate glomerular filtration rate MDRD equation
- D4. Creatinine is excreted in the urine only by glomerular filtration
- E5. estimated glomerular filtration rate according to MDRD equation <60ml / min / 1.73 m2 means that there is an increased risk of cardiovascular disease events and death
6464. Which statement is incorrect:
- A1. the serum concentration of urea depends on the protein intake in food
- B2. Serum urea levels are elevated in bleeding patients in the gastrointestinal tract
- C3. Serum urea concentration in dry people evaluates glomerular filtration well
- D4. serum urea concentration is reduced in alcoholics and malnourished people
- E5. The serum concentration of urea increases significantly with dehydration increases as serum creatinine concentration
6565. Cystatin C is a protein:
- A1. whose serum concentration increases with a sudden decrease in glomerular filtration rate even before the serum creatinine concentration changes
- B2. which occurs only in the renal tubules
- C3. which occurs only in the glomeruli
- D4. which is introduced into the body with food and is not suitable for the assessment of glomerular filtration
6666. Which statement is incorrect:
- A1. the presence of chronic kidney disease and its rate progression is determined by estimating the glomerular filtration rate with MDRD equation
- B2. by estimating the glomerular filtration rate with the MDRD equation is possible assess the risk of cardiovascular complications
- C3. The risk of contrast nephropathy may be in the subject predicted by estimating glomerular filtration rate with MDRD equation
- D4. by estimating the glomerular filtration rate with the MDRD equation is possible predict complications of chronic kidney disease
- E5. to adjust the dose of drugs excreted by the kidneys, serum creatinine concentration is more appropriate than estimating the glomerular filtration rate with the MDRD equation
6767. To assess the glomerular filtration rate in practice most often we use:
- A1. creatinine clearance
- B2. serum creatinine concentration
- C3. MDRD equation
- D4. radioisotope method
- E5. Cockcroft Gault's equation
6868. Which statement is incorrect:
- A1. The first stream of urine is examined if urethritis is suspected
- B2. The middle stream of urine is most suitable for the diagnosis of kidney disease
- C3. medium stream of urine is suitable for urine culture
- D4. Proper collection of the middle stream of urine is characterized by numerous squamous epithelial cells on examination of urine sediment
- E5. A stream of urine after a prostate massage is examined if is suspected chronic prostatitis
6969. The reddish color of urine is NOT due to:
- A1. the presence of blood in the urine
- B2. the presence of hemoglobin in the urine
- C3. the presence of leukocytes in the urine
- D4. the presence of myoglobin in the urine
- E5. Eating red beets
7070. Choose the incorrect statement:
- A1. the primary ultrafiltrate in the glomerulus has a specific gravity of 1,010
- B2. in the hyperosmolar renal nucleus, the specific gravity of urine is 1,040
- C3. the first morning urine with a specific gravity of 1,020 means that the concentration capacity of the kidneys is preserved
- D4. Isostenuria means that patients have a specific weight of urine at least 1,020 and nocturia
- E5. Osmotically active substances in urine increase the specific gravity of urine
7171. Glucosuria is characterized by:
- AA. diabetic patients when serum concentration is glucose higher than 10 mmol / L
- BB. patients with Fanconi syndrome
- CC. patients with urinary tract infection
- DD. disturbance in the functioning of the distal tubules
- EE. pregnant women and disappears after childbirth
7272. In the case of a positive reaction to hemoglobin in a urine test with a test strip and concomitant absence of erythrocyturia on examination sediment, it is possible:
- AA. acute renal failure due to acute heart failure
- BB. acute renal failure due to prostate hyperplasia
- CC. hemolysis of erythrocytes in urine in case of alkaline pH
- DD. hemolysis of erythrocytes in urine in case of low relative density
- EE. myoglobinuria due to muscle cell breakdown
7373. Glomerular erythrocyturia is characterized by the following findings:
- AA. hyaline and granular cylinders
- BB. leukocyturia
- CC. erythrocyte cylinders
- DD. dysmorphic erythrocytes
- EE. acanthocytes
7474. Alkaline pH value of urine:
- A1. is characterized by infection with urease-secreting bacteria
- B2. is a diagnostic finding in urine in patients with metabolic acidosis
- C3. does not cause hemolysis of cells in urine
- D4. has no special value for urine analysis
- E5. is always associated with a reduced amount of urine excreted
7575. Proteinuria is characterized by:
- AA. in a healthy person most of the protein in the urine is reabsorbed in tubules
- BB. urinary protein excretion exceeds 150 mg daily
- CC. the middle jet of the second morning is the most suitable for analysis urine sample
- DD. it is never determined with a test strip
- EE. increased physical exertion does not affect the determination of proteinuria but only on the excretion of creatinine from the muscles
7676. The specific gravity of morning urine 1,020 means:
- A1. the subject drank fluid throughout the night and concentrated his urine accordingly
- B2. the concentration capacity of the kidneys is probably preserved
- C3. the patient has nocturia
- D4. means nothing
- E5. isostenuria is present
7777. Hemoglobin in urine is present:
- A1. in intravascular hemolysis
- B2. in hemolysis of erythrocytes in urine
- C3. in erythrocyturia and improper storage of urine
- D4. in urine with low specific gravity because erythrocytes break down
- E5. all answers are correct
7878. The urine test strip cannot be used to determine:
- A1. bacteriuria
- B2. erythrocyturia or hemoglobinuria
- C3. cylinders in urine
- D4. leukocyturia
- E5. glycosuria
7979. Which claim for glomerular erythrocyturia is NOT true:
- A1. dysmorphic erythrocytes are a sign of non-glomerular erythrocyturia
- B2. acanthocytes are a sign of glomerular erythrocyturia
- C3. the absence of dysmorphic erythrocytes does not rule out glomerular erythrocyturia
- D4. Glomerular erythrocyturia is confirmed by erythrocyte cylinders in the urine
- E5. the likelihood of glomerular erythrocyturia is higher in concomitantly present proteinuria
8080. The following does NOT apply to cylinders in urine:
- A1. The basis of cylinders is Tamm-Horsfall protein
- B2. Leukocyte cylinders may be a sign of acute pyelonephritis
- C3. erythrocyte cylinders are characteristic of acute pyelonephritis
- D4. fat cylinders are characteristic of patients with nephrotic syndrome
- E5. hyaline cylinders may be a normal finding in urine
8181. Which statement is incorrect:
- A1. Trichomonas vaginalis is identified in the urine sediment
- B2. Examination of the urine sediment cannot reveal proteinuria
- C3. In healthy people, the finding of crystals in the urine has diagnostic significance
- D4. It is important to find cystine crystals in the urine, which are characteristic of cystinuria
- E5. in ethylene glycol poisoning, diagnostic crystals are present in the urine calcium oxalate
8282. Nephrotic proteinuria is characterized by protein secretion:
- A1. more than 2 g per day
- B2. less than 3 g per day
- C3. more than 3 g per day
- D4. more than 10 g per day
8383. Using a test strip for urine analysis, prove:
- A1. all types of protein in the urine
- B2. predominantly albumin in the urine
- C3. light chains in urine
- D4. tubular proteinuria
- E5. predominantly heavy chains in the urine
8484. Prove with sulfasalicylic acid:
- A1. all types of protein in the urine
- B2. predominantly albumin in the urine
- C3. only light chains in the urine
- D4. tubular proteinuria
- E5. predominantly heavy chains in the urine
8585. Absence of proteinuria with test strip and positive reaction with sulfasalicylic acid means:
- A1. the presence of light chains in the urine
- B2. error in conducting the investigation
- C3. incorrect evaluation of the investigation
- D4. that the patient has acute glomerulonephritis
- E5. that the patient has nephrotic syndrome
8686. The size of proteinuria is estimated:
- A1. by determining protein and creatinine in a second morning sample urine
- B2. by determining the protein in the urine in g / L multiplied by the quantity excreted urine
- C3. by 6-hour urine collection by determining proteinuria and quantity excreted urine
- D4. by determining proteinuria in an upright position
- E5. by all the methods listed
8787. Which statement is incorrect:
- A1. in glomerular proteinuria, permeability to immunoglobulins alone is increased
- B2. in glomerular proteinuria, permeability to albumin and immunoglobulins is increased
- C3. in tubular proteinuria, beta-2- microglobulin and alpha-1-microglobulin excretion is increased in the urine
- D4. in tubular failure, urinary excretion of the enzyme N-acetylbeta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) is increased
- E5. Overflow proteinuria is due to increased filtration immunoglobulins, light and heavy chains in the urine
8888. To prove proteinuria, the first screening test is:
- A1. examination of urine with a test strip
- B2. urine test with test strip and precipitation method for determination of proteins, e.g. sulfosalicylic acid
- C3. a precipitation method for the determination of proteins, e.g. Sulfosalicylic acid
- D4. only the protein / creatinine ratio in the urine sample
- E5. first determine proteinuria in the 24-hour collected urine, then only the rest
8989. An uncomplicated infection usually occurs in:
- A1. the elderly
- B2. patients with diabetes
- C3. young pregnant women
- D4. women of childbearing potential
- E5. persons with a urine catheter inserted
9090. Risk factors for complex urinary tract infections include:
- AA. anatomical or functional abnormalities of the urinary tract
- BB. recurrence of urinary tract infection
- CC. permanent urinary catheter
- DD. diabetes
- EE. sexually transmitted infection
9191. A complex urinary tract infection is characterized by:
- A1. The disease mainly affects young sexually active men
- B2. Sexually active women of childbearing age are particularly affected
- C3. the antibiotic treatment introduced is not effective
- D4. no foci of infection are ever found
- E5. Complications are rare
9292. An uncomplicated infection is usually:
- A1. acute pyelonephritis in an elderly man
- B2. acute pyelonephritis in a woman of childbearing potential
- C3. Actual pyelonephritis in a menopausal woman
- D4. acute cystitis in a menopausal woman
- E5. acute prostatitis
9393. Acute prostatitis is characterized by:
- AA. fever
- BB. polyuria
- CC. dysuria
- DD. lumbar pain
- EE. perineal pain
9494. Acute pyelonephritis is characterized by:
- AA. fever
- BB. polyuria
- CC. dysuria
- DD. lumbar pain
- EE. perineal pain
9595. Complicated acute pyelonephritis:
- AA. does not cause sepsis or death
- BB. is an acute pyelonephritis that does not respond after 48-72 hours of antibiotic treatment
- CC. is often the result of anatomical or functional disorders
- DD. can occur in diabetics without lumbar pain
- EE. is treated at home with an oral antibiotic for 4 to 6 weeks
9696. Acute cystitis is characterized by:
- A1. bladder pain
- B2. frequent urination
- C3. discharge of small amounts of turbid urine
- D4. burning urination
- E5. all of the above
9797. To confirm acute bacterial urinary tract infection:
- A1. is a diagnostic pyuria
- B2. is diagnostic bacteriuria
- C3. Urine examination is not required
- D4. are diagnostic pyuria and bacteriuria
- E5. Examine the urine after three days of treatment
9898. A test strip test confirms a urinary tract infection if:
- A1. glycosuria is present
- B2. are positive for esterase and nitrite test
- C3. the relative density of urine is below 1.010
- D4. the pH of urine is acidic
- E5. there is erythrocyturia in the urine
9999. Asymptomatic bacteriuria means:
- A1. the presence of bacteria in the number of 106 / ml of urine
- B2. the presence of bacteria in the number of 103 / ml of urine in a symptomatic person
- C3. the presence of bacteria in the number of 105 / ml of urine in a person without symptoms urinary tract infections
- D4. the presence of bacteria in the number of 105 / ml of urine in a person with symptoms urinary tract infections
- E5. that the person is at high risk of infection
100100. For the empirical treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis in a woman who is not pregnant, as a rule we prescribe:
- A1. nitrofurantoin orally for 5 days
- B2. trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for 7 days
- C3. amoxicillin for 10 days
- D4. ciprofloxacin for 1 day
- E5. ciprofloxacin for 14 days
Informações
- Descrição
- Quiz sobre urinario-1, criado por Isabel Laiseca em 12-06-2022.
- Autor
- Isabel Laiseca
- Idioma
- Español
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