Questão 1
Questão
Which of the following is NOT an acquired brain injury (ABI)
Responda
-
Traumatic brain injury (Contusio/commotio cerebri, penetrating TBI)
-
Cerebrovascular accident (eg. Cerebral infarction/bleeding –TIA)
-
Postanoxic encephalopathy (eg. Complication after cardiac arrest, coma)
-
Brain tumor
-
Meningitis
-
Multiple Sclerosis
Questão 2
Questão
[blank_start]Traumatic Brain Injury[blank_end] is damage to living brain tissue caused by an external mechanical force or
motion. It is characterized by a period of altered consciousness (amnesia or coma) that can be very brief (minutes) or very long (months/indefinitely).
Questão 3
Questão
Which of the following is correct?
Responda
-
Causesof traumatic brain injury
•falling (43%)
•car crash (22%)
•violence (15%)
•sport accidents (7%)
Whoare at risk?
•Men > Women
•Young > Old
•Urban > Rural people
•Low socioeconomic status > High socioeconomic status
-
Causesof traumatic brain injury
• car crash (43%)
• falling (22%)
• violence (15%)
•sport accidents (7%)
Whoare at risk?
•Men < Women
•Young < Old
•Urban > Rural people
•Low socioeconomic status > High socioeconomic status
-
Causesof traumatic brain injury
• car crash (43%)
• violence (22%)
• falling (15%)
•sport accidents (7%)
Whoare at risk?
•Men > Women
•Young > Old
•Urban > Rural people
•Low socioeconomic status < High socioeconomic status
-
Causesof traumatic brain injury
•falling (43%)
•sport accidents (22%)
•violence (15%)
•car crash (7%)
Whoare at risk?
•Men > Women
•Young > Old
•Urban < Rural people
•Low socioeconomic status > High socioeconomic status
Questão 4
Questão
Causesof traumatic brain injury
•falling ([blank_start]43%[blank_end])
•car crash ([blank_start]22%[blank_end])
•violence ([blank_start]15%[blank_end])
•sport accidents ([blank_start]7%[blank_end])
Responda
-
43%
-
10%
-
57%
-
80%
-
22%
-
55%
-
37%
-
15%
-
15%
-
90%
-
2%
-
6%
-
7%
-
2%
-
1%
-
30%
Questão 5
Questão
Choose ALL correct answers
Responda
-
Closed TBI is more prevalent than Open TBI
-
Open TBI more often results in death
-
In general, Open TBI tend to damage localized areas of the brain whereas Closed TBI typically causes diffuse tissue damage. Thus, Open TBI results in more discrete and predictable disabilities whereas Closed TBI results often in disabilities which are generalized and highly variable.
-
Closed TBI more often results in death
-
Open TBI is more prevalent than Closed TBI
Questão 6
Questão
When considering TBI
Damage caused by the effects of the physiological processes set in motion by the initial injury are known as:
Responda
-
Secondary Injuries
-
Tertiary Injuries
-
Cardiovascular events
-
Axonal Tearing/Shearing
Questão 7
Questão
Which of the following is NOT classified as a primary injury resulting from TBI
Responda
-
bruising of brain parenchyma (parenchyma = functional part of an organ)
-
laceration of nerve fibers
-
disruption of blood vessels
-
increased intracranial pressure
Questão 8
Questão
Choose the correct definition:
Responda
-
Contre-coup: (indirect) disruption of tissue located opposite to the site of impact.
-
Coup: disruption of the tissue at the point of impact
-
Deceleration: moving head against stationary object.
-
Acceleration: moving object against fixed head.
-
All of the above
Questão 9
Questão
The Formation of microscopic bubbles within the brain tissue as it is pulled away from the skull when the head suddenly stops or accelerates. This is known as
Questão 10
Questão
[blank_start]Diffuse axonal injury[blank_end] involves the stretching, twisting and shearing of axons throughout the cortex
Questão 11
Questão
Which hematoma occurs within the cortex
Responda
-
intracerebral
-
subdural
-
subarachnoid
-
Intra arachnoid
Questão 12
Questão
Seqcondary consequences of extracerebral (extracranial) hemorrhage
Responda
-
hypoxia (cerebral anoxia) in the brain due to massive loss of blood in other parts of the body or diminished lung capacity (lungcontusion/pneumothorax)
-
Hemorrhaging within the cerebral cortex, causing an increase in intracranial pressure, disturbed blood flow, coagulopathy
Questão 13
Questão
Coma patients generally lack a regular sleep/wake cycle
Questão 14
Questão
What is the name given to the state of confusion and memory disturbance that occurs immediately following traumatic brain injury?
Questão 15
Questão
Chose the correct standard assessment of TBI severity:
Responda
-
Mild: GCS (13 to 15), PTA (< 1 hour), LOC (< 30minutes)
Moderate: GCS (9 to 12), PTA (30 minutes to 1 day), LOC (1 to 24 hours)
Severe: GCS (< 8), PTA > 1 day, LOC >24 hours
-
Mild: GCS (< 8), PTA (< 1 hour), LOC (< 30minutes)
Moderate: GCS (9 to 12), PTA (30 minutes to 1 day), LOC (1 to 24 hours)
Severe: GCS (13 to 15), PTA > 1 day, LOC >24 hours
-
Mild: GCS (13 to 15), PTA (< 1 hour), LOC (< 30minutes)
Moderate: GCS (9 to 12), PTA (> 1 day), LOC (1 to 24 hours)
Severe: GCS (< 8), PTA > 1 week, LOC >24 hours
-
Mild: GCS (10 to 15), PTA (< 1 hour), LOC (< 8 hours)
Moderate: GCS (8 to 10), PTA (30 minutes to 1 day), LOC (1 to 24 hours)
Severe: GCS (< 8), PTA > 1 day, LOC >24 hours
Questão 16
Questão
What is the most common complaint 12 months after TBI?
Responda
-
"Forgetfulness"
-
"Mental Slowness"
-
"Depression"
-
"Headache"
Questão 17
Questão
[blank_start]Cardiovascular Accident (CVA)[blank_end] a focal neurological disorder of abrupt development due to a pathological process in the blood vessels.
Responda
-
Cardiovascular Accident (CVA)
-
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
-
Huntington's Disease (HD)
-
Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)
Questão 18
Questão
Which of the following risk factors concerning stroke are NOT true:
Responda
-
Increased aged, particularly 60 plus
-
Women > Men
-
Combination of smoking and high estrogen dosage in the contraceptive pill
-
Hypertension
Questão 19
Questão
Which of the following is NOT a RISK factor for stroke
Questão 20
Questão
[blank_start]Atherosclerosis[blank_end] is a thickening of arterial walls characterized by the deposition of fatty material on their inner walls. Associated with hypertension, smoking, diabetes, obesity, and elevated levels of cholesterol.
Responda
-
Atherosclerosis
-
Apoptosis
-
Anosognosia
-
Atoroscelrosis
Questão 21
Questão
[blank_start]Thrombosis[blank_end] is the formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood through the circulatory system. An [blank_start]embolism[blank_end] is the lodging of a traveling intravascular mass within a blood vessel, this can cause a blockage in a blood vessel and obstruct blood flow. [blank_start]Hemorrhage[blank_end] is a rupture to a blood vessel causing blood to escape into the surrounding tissue.
Responda
-
Thrombosis
-
Embolism
-
Hemmorhage
-
embolism
-
thrombosis
-
hemmorhage
-
A hemorrhage
-
An embolism
-
Thrombosis
Questão 22
Questão
A [blank_start]transient ischemic[blank_end] attack is a brief episode of neurological dysfunction resulting from an interruption in the blood supply to the brain, sometimes as a precursor of a stroke. (Two words)
Questão 23
Questão
An [blank_start]ischemic[blank_end] stroke involves the blockage of a blood vessel and subsequent reduction in the supply of oxygen to surrounding brain tissue
Questão 24
Questão
Choose the correct incidence of stroke.
Responda
-
Ischemic strokes account for 80% of all strokes
-
Hemorrhagic strokes account for 80% of all strokes
-
Ischemic strokes account for 40% of all strokes
-
Hemorrhagic strokes account for 60% of all strokes
Questão 25
Questão
[blank_start]Hemorrhagic[blank_end] stroke may be cause by the weakening of a vessel wall due to pathological alterations, e.g aneurysm, or secondary to atherosclerosis.
Questão 26
Questão
Type of bleeding that occurs within the skull but outside of the brain tissue, falls into three subtypes.
Responda
-
Extra-axial hemorrhage
-
Intra-axial hemorrhage
Questão 27
Questão
The three types of extra-axial hemorrhage include
Responda
-
subdural
-
subarachnoid
-
epidural or extradural
-
submyopic
Questão 28
Questão
Bleeding that occurs between the arachnoid mater and the dura is called a [blank_start]subdural[blank_end] hemorrhage
Questão 29
Questão
Mostly affect subcortical structures like thalamus, basal ganglia and brainstem. Mortality rate up to 70%-80%. This is true of:
Responda
-
Intra-axial hemorrhages
-
Extra-axial hemorrhages
Questão 30
Questão
[blank_start]Ischemia[blank_end]
•Primary effects of infarct (occlusion)
•Secondary effects(edema, physiological reactions etc.)
[blank_start]Hemorrhage[blank_end]
•Primary effects (leakage of blood, blood pressure)
•Secondary ischemia (ischemic damage due to blood pressure)
Responda
-
Ischemia
-
Hemorrhage
-
Hemorrhage
-
Ischemia
Questão 31
Questão
Prosopagnosia is classically associated with lesions to
Responda
-
bilateral occipitotemporal regions, particularly the ventral region of the occipital association cortex and transition zones between the occipital and temporal lobe.
-
Occasionally observed in patients who have lesions restricted to the right hemisphere
-
Left lesioned patients will with more or less intact right hemispheres will often proceeding using a piecemeal approach, laboriously attending to single details but may ultimately make the correct identification.
Questão 32
Questão
If a stroke patient showed deficits in the recognition of this image, we would expect that:
A) patients with left sided lesions resulting in deficit would have trouble identifying small details (D's) but could still readily identify the larger L shape.
B) patients with right sided lesions resulting in deficit would have trouble identifying overall images (L) but could still readily identify the smaller D shapes.
C) patients with right sided lesions resulting in deficit would have trouble identifying small details (D's) but could still readily identify the larger L shape.
D) patients with left sided lesions resulting in deficit would have trouble identifying overall images (L) but could still readily identify the smaller D shapes.
Responda
-
A and B are true
-
C and D are true
-
A and D are true
-
B and D are true
Questão 33
Questão
The following deficits are more closely associated with damage to which side of the cortex?
Visuoconstructive disorders
Aprosody
Auditory agnosia
Questão 34
Questão
The following deficits are consistent with injury in which hemisphere?
Aphasia
Acalculia
Agraphia
Questão 35
Questão
Occlusion of the anterior cerebral artery is associated with which cluster of symptoms?
Questão 36
Questão
Occlusion of the middle cerebral artery is associated with which cluster of symptoms?
Questão 37
Questão
[blank_start]Diaschisis[blank_end] is a sudden loss (or change) of function in a portion of the brain connected to a distant, but damaged, brain area. The site of the originally damaged area and of the diaschisis are connected to each other by neurons. The loss of the damaged structure disrupts the function of the remaining intact systems and causes a physiological imbalance. The injury is produced by an acute focal disturbance in an area of the brain, from traumatic brain injury or stroke, for example. This is an example of [blank_start]a secondary[blank_end] brain damage.
Responda
-
Diaschisis
-
Dipole
-
Atherosclerosis
-
Ischemia
-
secondary
-
primary
Questão 38
Questão
[blank_start]Anosognosia[blank_end]: a patient’s lack of awareness or the underestimation of a specific deficit in functioning due to a brain lesion.
Questão 39
Questão
[blank_start]Denial[blank_end] often demonstrate resistance and sometimes angry reaction when given feedback about their disability
[blank_start]Anosognosia[blank_end] neurological lesion
[blank_start]Denial[blank_end] psychological process protecting from depression or anxiety
[blank_start]Anosognosia[blank_end] often show perplexity or indifference when receiving information about their deficits
[blank_start]Anosognosia[blank_end] more stable in its manifestations
[blank_start]Denial[blank_end] less stable in its manifestations
Responda
-
Denial
-
Anosognosia
-
Denial
-
Anosognosia
-
Denial
-
Anosognosia
-
Anosognosia
-
Denial
-
Anosognosia
-
Denial
-
Anosognosia
-
Denial
Questão 40
Questão
In stroke the the penumbra refers to:
Responda
-
The core zone, which is an area of severe ischemia (blood flow below 10% to 25%), the loss of oxygen and glucose results in rapid depletion of energy stores. Severe ischemia can result in necrosis of neurons and also of supporting cellular elements (glial cells) within this area.
-
A rim of mild to moderately ischemic tissue lying between tissue that is normally perfused and the area in which infarction is evolving, may remain viable for several hours. That is because the zone is supplied with blood by collateral arteries anastomosing with branches of the occluded vascular tree (see inset). However, even cells in this region will die if reperfusion is not established during the early hours since collateral circulation is inadequate to maintain the neuronal demand for oxygen and glucose indefinitely.
Questão 41
Questão
Neuropsychological assessment is usually conducted on patients within the acute phase of recovery.
Questão 42
Questão
Age is an important risk factor in the assessment of outcomes in TBI: Which of the following is NOT true
Responda
-
There is an increased risk of morbidity and mortality with increasing age, particularly after 65
-
Children tend to have better recovery from TBI than adults
-
Elderly patients experience more depression and anxiety as a result of TBI
Questão 43
Questão
A single head injury doubles the risk of subsequent head injury, a second TBI will increase the risk eightfold
Questão 44
Questão
Repeated concussions and head injuries are most common in
Questão 45
Questão
Young people experience a higher incidence of TBI than older people
Questão 46
Questão
Patients with prior history of X tend to have poorer outcomes from TBI
X significantly increases the likelihood of TBI
TBI patients who experience damage to the frontotemporolimbic injury diminishes impulse control increasing the likelihood of X.
What is X
Questão 47
Questão
A worker is found unconscious on a building site with burns and scarring along arms a chest
Epileptic seizures on admission to hospital
Normal CT scan/MRI but abnormal EEG
Generalized cognitive slowness at intake but intact verbal ability.
The above case is suggestive of:
Responda
-
Cerebrovascular accident
-
Second Impact syndrome
-
Post traumatic stress disorder
-
Traumatic brain injury resulting from electrocution
-
Epilepsy
-
Normal cognitive deficit after recovery from major injury
Questão 48
Questão
Complete the following:
TBI - Traumatic brain injury (example)
CHI - [blank_start]Closed head injury[blank_end]
PHI - [blank_start]Penetrating head injury[blank_end]
ABI - [blank_start]Acquired brain injury[blank_end]
GCS - [blank_start]Glasgow coma scale[blank_end]
LOC - [blank_start]Loss of consciousness[blank_end]
PTA - [blank_start]post traumatic amnesia[blank_end]
Responda
-
Closed head injury
-
Penetrating head injury
-
Acquired brain injury
-
Glasgow coma scale
-
Loss of consciousness
-
post traumatic amnesia
Questão 49
Questão
[blank_start]Concussion[blank_end] is a mild form of TBI
Questão 50
Questão
A head injury always involves brain injury
Questão 51
Questão
Closed head injuries (CHI) can include (mark ALL correct)
Responda
-
Blunt force trauma to the head without skull fracture
-
Injury causing skull fracture and brain injury that pierces through the meningeal layers penetrating the brain
-
Injury causing skull fracture and brain injury, but no piercing of the meningeal layers
-
Impact of the brain against the skull. E.g Coup/Contra-Coup type injuries
Questão 52
Questão
Traumatic brain injury is the most common cause of brain injury in children and young adults.
Questão 53
Questão
Name as many secondary problems relating from traumatic brain injury as you can remember.
Answers/suggestions below:
Responda
-
Ongoing hemorrhage
-
Ischemia (reduction/lack of blood supply)
-
Hypoxia (reduction/lack of oxygen)
-
Metabolic changes (e.g over supply of glucose)
-
Physiological changes (e.g altered concentration of neurotransmitters)
-
Diaschisis - loss of function in one area due to destruction of another distal brain area. This can eventually result in physiological and structural changes in the intact area.
-
Increase in intracranial pressure
Questão 54
Questão
More than half of all TBI in which population are a result of falls?
Questão 55
Questão
Who has the highest mortality rate in MVA's
Responda
-
Motorcyclists
-
Pedestrians
-
Motor vehicle passengers
-
Cyclists
Questão 56
Questão
Of the following age groups which show the highest incidence of TBI (choose three)
Responda
-
< 5 years
-
> 65 years
-
15 - 24 years
-
6 - 14 years
-
25 - 34 years
-
35 - 44 years
-
45 - 55 years
-
55 - 65 years
Questão 57
Questão
[blank_start]Men[blank_end] sustain twice as many head injuries as [blank_start]women[blank_end], with this difference most pronounced during peak trauma years (15 - 24). After 65 TBI are more numerous amongst [blank_start]women[blank_end].
Questão 58
Questão
The incidence of TBI is approximately [blank_start]150[blank_end] in 100,000. However for mild TBI, the most common form of CHI many never seek medical care. Some of the highest rates have been observed in South Africa and South Australia.
Questão 59
Questão
When considering outcome predictions which of the following is NOT true
Responda
-
Some patients report more symptoms a year after the accident than after the first month
-
Physical symptoms usually decrease after one year, and are most severe in the acute phase
-
Emotional/social symptoms have typically decrease at one year
Questão 60
Questão
For patients with a short duration loss of consciousness (LOC) the GCS is an effective and accurate predictor of outcomes
Questão 61
Questão
PTA typically lasts about 4 times the length of a coma and correlates well with GCS.
Questão 62
Questão
Fill the following estimations of TBI outcome using PTA duration:
Very Mild: [blank_start]< 5[blank_end] Minutes
Mild: [blank_start]5 - 60[blank_end] Minutes
Moderate: [blank_start]1-24[blank_end] Hours
Severe: [blank_start]1 - 7[blank_end] Days
Very Severe: [blank_start]1- 4[blank_end] weeks
Extremely Severe: [blank_start]> 4[blank_end] weeks
Responda
-
< 5
-
<20
-
<30
-
5 - 60
-
20 - 60
-
60 - 120
-
5 - 120
-
1-24
-
24 - 42 hours
-
>38 hours
-
1 - 38 hours
-
1 - 7
-
3
-
1- 10
-
5
-
1- 4
-
2 - 4
-
1 - 6
-
> 4
-
> 6
Questão 63
Questão
Coma duration is a more accurate outcome predictor than length of post traumatic amnesia
Questão 64
Questão
Penetrating head injury is associated with a high rate of acute post injury seizure, occurring in up to [blank_start]80[blank_end]% of patients.
Questão 65
Questão
Memory impairments and changes in emotional and executive functioning are common in TBI, this appears to be related to high incidence of [blank_start]frontotemporal[blank_end] injury
Responda
-
frontotemporal
-
parietal
-
hippocampal
-
brainstem
Questão 66
Questão
Match the following types of hemorrhages with their locations
Inside ventricular space - [blank_start]intraventricular[blank_end]
[blank_start]Within the brain[blank_end] - intraparenchymal
On the cortical surface - [blank_start]subarachnoid[blank_end]
[blank_start]Outside the brain proper[blank_end] - extraparenchymal
Questão 67
Questão
The most life threatening effects of cerebral swelling are on [blank_start]brainstem[blank_end] structures concerned with vital functions
Questão 68
Questão
A patient presents who has had a brief loss of consciousness following a head injury. They experienced a brief disturbance in memory and orientation following return of consciousness. Upon admission to hospital they received a GCS score of 13. A MRI follow up later that evening demonstrated no abnormalities. Following spending the night in hospital the patient underwent a brief NPA and performed mostly in above average ranges, though in the low average range for on a verbal retrieval task. They reported feeling a little tired but otherwise ok. This is likely an example of [blank_start]mild traumatic brain injury[blank_end].
Questão 69
Questão
What proportion of moderate TBI patients who were previously working are able to return to work?
Questão 70
Questão
What is the best approximation of the incidence of severe traumatic brain injury
Responda
-
Less than 10%
-
Between 10 - 15%
Questão 71
Questão
describe the course of recovery for severe TBI patients:
[blank_start]After the first year[blank_end] - Improvements may continue from here on however progress gradually slows and will plateau below premorbid level. Improvements may continue, but are likely due to new learning and further development of compensational strategies than spontaneous recovery.
[blank_start]After regaining consciousness[blank_end] - Patients often displays erratic behaviour, confusion, uncooperative, incoherence, anxiousness, aggressiveness, restlessness etc. PTA may continue for quite some time.
[blank_start]In the weeks to months following[blank_end] - Fastest recovery is generally observed during this period. Tasks with a large yet simple attentional component tend to recover quickly but plateau after 6 months to one year. New learning progresses much slower, but ability to learn will not return to pre mordbid levels.
Responda
-
After the first year
-
Weeks to months
-
After regaining consciousness
-
In the weeks to months following
-
After regaining consciousness
-
After the first year
-
After regaining consciousness
-
In the weeks to months following
-
After the first year
Questão 72
Questão
Fluctuation in course of improvement in TBI patients with which form of deficit?
Responda
-
Memory Problems
-
Executive Dysfunction
-
Attentional Problems
-
Motor Dysfunction
Questão 73
Questão
Strokes are often painless
Questão 74
Questão
Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) has been shown to be particularly effective if administered in the first few hours following what type of brain injury?
Questão 75
Questão
tPA - The medication used in the acute treatment of ischemic stroke stands for [blank_start]tissue plasminogen activator[blank_end]
Questão 76
Questão
Which of the following types of brain injury has an incidence of roughly 150 in 100,000
Responda
-
Stroke
-
TBI
-
Both Stroke and TBI
Questão 77
Questão
Obstructive (Ischemic) Stroke is the most common form of stroke, accounting for approximately [blank_start]80%[blank_end] of all stroke. Thrombotic stroke accounts for up to [blank_start]75%[blank_end] of all obstructive stroke and between [blank_start]60 and 70%[blank_end] of stroke generally. Embolic stroke accounts for [blank_start]20 - 30%[blank_end] of all OBSTRUCTIVE strokes.
Responda
-
80%
-
20%
-
50%
-
40%
-
75%
-
15%
-
30%
-
45%
-
60 and 70%
-
80 and 90%
-
10 and 20 %
-
30 and 40%
-
20 - 30%
-
60 - 70%
-
70 - 80%
Questão 78
Questão
[blank_start]Embolus[blank_end] - any intravascular mass capable of obstructing blood flood through the vasculature at a site distant from it's point of origin.
Questão 79
Questão
[blank_start]Embolic[blank_end] strokes tend to be of sudden onset and without the warning precursors (e.g headache, transient ischemic attack) that can accompany other kinds of stroke.
Questão 80
Questão
The area of brain supplied by the [blank_start]middle cerebral[blank_end] artery is most commonly affected region in both thrombotic and embolic (ie ischemic) stroke.
Responda
-
middle cerebral
-
anterior cerebral
-
posterior cerebral
Questão 81
Questão
[blank_start]Embolic[blank_end] strokes are associated with hearth disease and usually occur at a younger age than [blank_start]thrombotic[blank_end] stroke.
Responda
-
Embolic
-
Thrombotic
-
thrombotic
-
embolic
Questão 82
Questão
For obstructive stroke patients with non-fluent aphasia, speech fluency usually returns after the [blank_start]first month[blank_end] if at all. By contrast confrontation naming is typically impaired at one month, with around one third of patients return to near normal levels by the [blank_start]sixth month[blank_end] of recovery.
Responda
-
first month
-
second month
-
sixth month
-
sixth month
-
first month
-
second month
Questão 83
Questão
[blank_start]Hemiplegia[blank_end] (lateralised paralysis) typically co-occurs with perceptual deficits. This co-occurrence is more common in [blank_start]left[blank_end] sided patients. However, hemiplegia and left sided inattention more commonly co-occur in patients with [blank_start]right[blank_end] sided lesions.
Responda
-
Hemiplegia
-
Hemianopsia
-
Hemilarisis
-
left
-
right
-
right
-
left
Questão 84
Questão
Depression following a stroke is more prevalent [blank_start]after the first six months.[blank_end]
Questão 85
Questão
Depression involving a primarily indifferent or apathetic attitude is more characteristic of [blank_start]right[blank_end] sided stroke.
Questão 86
Questão
Post-hospital development of depression is more common in [blank_start]right[blank_end]-sided stoke patients. Whereas the incidence of depression in [blank_start]left[blank_end] sided stroke patients tends to decrease after the acute stages.
Questão 87
Questão
At four years which of the following aspects is most predictive of quality of life?
Responda
-
Depression
-
Ability to walk
-
Memory
-
Ability to perform ADLs?
Questão 88
Questão
[blank_start]Hemorrhagic[blank_end] stroke is the most devastating form of stroke, and carries the worst prognosis.
Responda
-
Hemorrhagic
-
Embolic
-
Thrombotic
Questão 89
Questão
Hemorrhagic strokes have a mortality rate approximately between [blank_start]35 and 50%[blank_end] within the first 30 days. Although, mortality due to hemorrhagic stroke has been reduced over the years.
Responda
-
35 and 52%
-
6 and 11%
-
59 and 80%
Questão 90
Questão
[blank_start]5 - 10%[blank_end] of all strokes are due to ruptured aneurysms.
Responda
-
5 - 10%
-
20 - 30%
-
Approximately 80%
Questão 91
Questão
Vasospasm, the constriction of surrounding blood vessels secondary to hemorrhage, can can result in ischemia and infarction.
Questão 92
Questão
Caused by a blockage in blood vessels but leaving no permanent change in cognitive function. Which of the following best accounts for these symptoms?
Questão 93
Questão
Stroke evolves following TIA in approximately [blank_start]30%[blank_end] of patients, and [blank_start]10 - 15%[blank_end] of all strokes are preceded by a TIA.
Responda
-
10 - 15%
-
5%
-
30%
-
30%
-
10%
-
50%
-
70%
Questão 94
Questão
A 62 year-old building inspector was charged with criminal misconduct for issuing hundreds of building permits for plans that did not meet requirements. He responded with a profound depression, for which he was hospitalized. On NP evaluation he was alert, oriented, verbose, illogical but not irrational and feeling hurt and puzzled in regards to his convictions as he felt he had done his work well. While his scores on predominately verbal tests were generally well above average, his performances on construction tests were confused, and both free hand and copy drawing were confused and distorted. On questioning he provided a history of flu like symptoms occurring just before he began giving the improper permits. CT scan revealed an old lesion.
This description is most consistent with:
Questão 95
Questão
"Silent" strokes are more common in the left hemisphere than the right hemisphere.