Quiz
The Scientific Process
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Perguntas do quiz (4)
1Scientific Theories (ones which can be tested):
1. Ask a [blank_start]question[blank_end] about [blank_start]why[blank_end] something happens or [blank_start]how[blank_end] something works.
2. Suggest an [blank_start]answer[blank_end], or part of an answer, by forming a [blank_start]theory[blank_end] (a possible explanation of o[blank_start]bservations[blank_end]). Scientists sometimes form a m[blank_start]odel[blank_end] too which is a simplified picture of what's going on.
3. Make a p[blank_start]rediction[blank_end] or h[blank_start]ypothesis[blank_end] - a specific t[blank_start]estable[blank_end] statement, based on the theory, about what will happen in a test situation.
4. Carry out a t[blank_start]est[blank_end] - to provide [blank_start]evidence[blank_end] that will support the prediction (or help disprove it).
- Aquestion
- Bwhy
- Chow
- Danswer
- Etheory
- Fbservations
- Godel
- Hrediction
- Iypothesis
- Jestable
- Kest
- Levidence
2Results:
- The results are published as [blank_start]reports[blank_end] in scientific [blank_start]journals[blank_end].
- It's important that the [blank_start]integrity[blank_end] (trustworthiness) of the reports published in scientific journals is [blank_start]checked[blank_end]. Scientists might be dishonest or [blank_start]biased[blank_end], or an investigation might have made [blank_start]invalid[blank_end] conclusions.
- The report is sent out to [blank_start]peers[blank_end] - other scientists that are experts in the same area. They examine the [blank_start]data[blank_end] and results, and if they think the conclusion is reasonable it's [blank_start]published[blank_end]. This ensures that work published in scientific journals is of a [blank_start]good standard[blank_end] and the process is known as [blank_start]peer review[blank_end].
- Peer review can't guarantee the science is [blank_start]correct[blank_end] - other scientists still need to [blank_start]reproduce[blank_end] it.
- Sometimes mistakes are made and bad work is published. Peer review isn't perfect but it's probably the best way for scientists to [blank_start]self-regulate[blank_end] their work and to publish [blank_start]quality[blank_end] results.
- Other scientists then read the published theories and results and try to [blank_start]test[blank_end] the theory themselves. They [blank_start]repeat[blank_end] the [blank_start]exact same[blank_end] experiments and use the theory to make [blank_start]new predictions[blank_end] and test them with [blank_start]new experiments[blank_end].
- Areports
- Bjournals
- Cintegrity
- Dchecked
- Ebiased
- Finvalid
- Gpeers
- Hdata
- Ipublished
- Jgood standard
- Kpeer review
- Lreproduce
- Mcorrect
- Nself-regulate
- Oquality
- Ptest
- Qrepeat
- Rexact same
- Sdifferent
- Tnew predictions
- Unew experiments
3Evidence:
- If all the experiments in all the world provide good [blank_start]evidence[blank_end] to back it up, the theory is thought as scientific "[blank_start]fact[blank_end]" (for now).
- However, it will never become totally in[blank_start]disputable[blank_end] fact. Scientific b[blank_start]reakthroughs[blank_end] or advances could provide new ways to question and test the theory, which could lead to [blank_start]new[blank_end] evidence which c[blank_start]onflicts[blank_end] with the current evidence so the testing would have to start all over [blank_start]again[blank_end].
- Evidence comes from controlled lab [blank_start]experiments[blank_end]. A lab is the easiest place to control [blank_start]variables[blank_end] so that they're all kept constant (except for the one you're investigating).
- You always need to make your experiments as [blank_start]controlled[blank_end] as possible so you can be confident that any effects you see are linked to the variable you're [blank_start]changing[blank_end].
- If you do find a relationship, you need to be careful what you conclude. You need to decide whether the effect you're seeing is [blank_start]caused[blank_end] [blank_start]by[blank_end] changing a variable (i.e. c[blank_start]asual[blank_end] relationship), or whether the two are just c[blank_start]orrelated[blank_end].
- Aevidence
- Bfact
- Cdisputable
- Dreakthroughs
- Enew
- Fonflicts
- Gagain
- Hexperiments
- Ivariables
- Jcontrolled
- Kchanging
- Lcaused
- Mby
- Nasual
- Oorrelated
4Society Makes Decisions Based on Scientific Evidence:
Lots of scientific work eventually leads to important [blank_start]discoveries[blank_end] or breakthroughs that could [blank_start]benefit[blank_end] humankind. These results are used by society to make [blank_start]decisions[blank_end]. Other factors can [blank_start]influence[blank_end] decisions about science or the way science is used.
1. [blank_start]Economic[blank_end] factors - society has to consider the [blank_start]cost[blank_end] of implementing [blank_start]changes[blank_end] based on scientific conclusions. Scientific [blank_start]research[blank_end] is often [blank_start]expensive[blank_end]. E.g. the Government has to [blank_start]justify[blank_end] spending money on things like astronomy rather than spending it on the NHS or schools.
2. [blank_start]Social[blank_end] factors - decisions affect people's [blank_start]lives[blank_end]. E.g. a nuclear power station will affect the lives of people in the [blank_start]surrounding area[blank_end].
3. [blank_start]Environmental[blank_end] factors - not doing things that may harm [blank_start]wildlife[blank_end] or the environment or increase [blank_start]carbon[blank_end] emissions/add to [blank_start]global warming[blank_end].
- Adiscoveries
- Bbenefit
- Cdecisions
- Dinfluence
- EEconomic
- FSocial
- GEnvironmental
- Hcost
- Ichanges
- Jresearch
- Kexpensive
- Ljustify
- Mlives
- Nsurrounding area
- Owildlife
- Pcarbon
- Qglobal warming
Informações
- Descrição
- AS - Level Sally's Physics Quiz sobre The Scientific Process, criado por Sally Lancaster em 27-04-2016.
- Autor
- Sally Lancaster
- Idioma
- English
- Visualizações
- 0
- Etiquetas
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