581270
Questão 1
Questão
The concept that describes opening a window into unfamiliar worlds that allows us to understand human behavior by placing it within its broader social context is called....
Responda
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Sociological perspective (or imagination)
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Social location
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Social integration
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The social imperative
Questão 2
Questão
When sociologists group people into categories bases on their age, gender, educational level, job, income, they are trying to determine.....
Responda
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Social network
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Social location
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social personality
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social skills
Questão 3
Questão
The sociological perspective emphasizes how the social context influences people's lives, particularly how people are influenced by....
Responda
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random chance events
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geographical location
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inherited genetic structure
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society
Questão 4
Questão
The notion that only the fittest members of society deserve to survive and that social programs to help the poor will ultimately weaken the social order is a doctrine known as....
Responda
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Social Darwinism
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positivism
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post-modern
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social welfare
Questão 5
Questão
The term "survival of the fittest." Which is a principle part of the concept of social Darwinism was coined by...
Responda
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Charles Darwin
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Talcott Parsons
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August Comte
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Herbert Spencer
Questão 6
Questão
The first African American to earn a doctorate from Harvard University, who spent his lifetime studying race relations in America and was one of the founders of the NAACP was...
Responda
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W.E.B. Du Bois
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Booker T. Washington
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George Washington Carver
Questão 7
Questão
Mark views society as a system of interrelated parts, while John views society as composed of groups competing for scarce resources. Mark would be considered a (n)______ and John would be seen as a (an) __________
Responda
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Symbolic interactionist; functionalist
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applied sociologist; functionalist
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basic sociologist; applied sociologist
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functionalist; conflict theorist
Questão 8
Questão
According to Robert Merton, ____ are the intended beneficial consequences of people's actions.
Responda
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latent functions
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manifest dysfunctions
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manifest functions
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latent dysfunctions
Questão 9
Questão
Language, beliefs, values, norms, behavior, material objects, and technology that are passed from one generation to the next by members of society describe_______.
Responda
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Culture
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Tradition
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Science
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Experience
Questão 10
Questão
Sociologists use the concept of "norms" to describe ________.
Responda
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Standards by which people define what is socially desirable
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Expressions of disapproval for violating socially acceptable behavior.
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Ideas about what is true or false
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Expectations or rules of behavior that develop from values
Questão 11
Questão
When a group has a distinctive away of looking at life, but at the same time its values and norms reflect the dominant culture of its society, the group would be considered a (n) ____.
Responda
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Counterculture
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Example of cultural relativism
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Example of cultural diffusion
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Subculture
Questão 12
Questão
The sociologist who identified ten underlying core values of American society was _____.
Responda
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Michael Burawoy
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Edward Wilson
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Robin Williams
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John Jacob Natzke
Questão 13
Questão
The spread of cultural characteristics from one group to another refers to _____.
Responda
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folkways
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cultural leveling
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values
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cultural universals
Questão 14
Questão
Within a few blocks in midtown Manhattan, you can purchase a bagel with cream cheese, a hot dog, a steak, a polish sausage, or a pizza, as well as chow mein, lamb curry, sushi, lasagna, felafels, chicken couscous, enchiladas, and a host of ethnic specialties. This range of culinary possibilities illustrates the process of ______.
Responda
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cultural absolution
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cultural discovery
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cultural diffusion
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cultural innovation
Questão 15
Questão
In the "nature versus nurture" argument regarding socialization, the nurture" component refers to _____.
Responda
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Heredity
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The social environment
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instinct
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genetic composition
Questão 16
Questão
What concept do sociologists refer to when they say that " society makes us human"?
Responda
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Stratification
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Psychoanalysis
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Cultural tradition
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Socialization
Questão 17
Questão
The process by which we develop a sense of self, referred to as the " looking glass self", was developed by _____.
Responda
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George Herbert Mead
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William I. Thomas
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Charles Horton Cooley
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Robert K. Merton
Questão 18
Questão
The symbolic interactionist who taught at the University of Chicago and stressed that play was crucial to develpment of the concept of self was _________.
Responda
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Charles Horton Cooley
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Lester Ward
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George Herbert Mead
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Talcott Parsons
Questão 19
Questão
According to Piaget, the stage of development that is dominated by touching, listening, looking, and the inability to recognize cause and effect is the ______ stage.
Responda
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Formal operational
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Preoperational
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Sensorimotor
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Concrete operational
Questão 20
Questão
In Kohlberg's theory of moral development, the stage in which the child has no sense of right or wrong and only personal needs is satisfied is the _______ stage.
Responda
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Amoral
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Preconventional
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Conventional
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Postconventional
Questão 21
Questão
In Freud's theory, what part of the personality represents the pleasure seeking aspect, demanding immediate fulfillment of basic needs such as attention, food, safety, and sex?
Responda
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the id
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the ego
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the superego
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the libido
Questão 22
Questão
People and groups that influence our orientation ___ our self-concepts, emotions, attitudes, and behaviors- are called _______.
Responda
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Total institutions
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Generalized others
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Agents of socialization
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out-groups
Questão 23
Questão
What term applies to the stages that people pass from birth to death, beginning with "childhood" and concluding with " the older years"?
Responda
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Rites of Passage
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Life theme
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The life course
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stages of development
Questão 24
Questão
Another term used for the stage of development called transitional adulthood, which is between the ages of 18 and 29 is ____.
Responda
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The middle years
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Adultolescence
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The sandwich generation
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Mid-life crisis
Questão 25
Questão
In Amsterdam, a 21-year-old prostitute is scantily clothed, exhibiting her attributes in a storefront, smiling at potential patrons as they walk by. Based on this mental image, which statement best describes what is in progress?
Responda
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This is an example of social interaction
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a misdemeanor is being committed
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The prostitute is guilty of indecent exposure
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This is a classic example of macrosociology
Questão 26
Questão
What two sociological perspectives are most linked to macrosociology?
Responda
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symbolic interactionism and functionalism
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functionalism and the conflict perspective
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the conflict perspective and symbolic interactionism
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symbolic interactionism and feminism
Questão 27
Questão
Which sociological perspective is most linked to microsociology
Responda
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the conflict perspective
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structural functionalism
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symbolic interactionism
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the feminist perspective
Questão 28
Questão
John and Doug are both full professors in a state university, holding doctorate degrees from Ivy League schools. Both make about the same salary and enjoy a similar sense of prestige in the community and on campus. Based only on this information, what do John and Doug have in common?
Responda
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They share the same social location in all respects
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they have identical social roles
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They are members of the same social class
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they share a great deal of social solidarity
Questão 29
Questão
What are the three primary variable in determining social class?
Responda
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race, sex, residence
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income, education, and occupational prestige
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race, sex, income
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income, education, sex
Questão 30
Questão
Jane is a 49-year-old woman of Irish-German descent. What do these characteristics have in common?
Responda
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These are examples of her ascribed statuses
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these are examples of her achieved statuses
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these are part of her master status
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these characteristics are examples of status inconsistency
Questão 31
Questão
A position in society that cuts across other statuses a person holds, such as being a high-ranking army officer, a college president, or a handicapped Olympian, would be considered that person's _____
Responda
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ascribed status
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social status
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master status
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status set
Questão 32
Questão
Which of the following least qualified as a social institution?
Responda
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a neighborhood street gang
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a family
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a religious group
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a military unit
Questão 33
Questão
The social institution that is most recognized for allocating power, determining authority, and preventing chaos is _______.
Responda
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military
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politics
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law
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education
Questão 34
Questão
As societies grow larger, they divide work among members based on some standardized characteristics such as age or sex. This is referred to as _______.
Responda
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social solidarity
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social imperative
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division of labor
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class structure
Questão 35
Questão
Mechanical solidarity is to Gemeinshaft as _________ solidarity is to Gesellshaft.
Responda
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organic
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tribal
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folk
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natural
Questão 36
Questão
Anthony, a retired Army officer, is a professor of sociology at a small state university. During the Vietnam War, he was awarded the Medal of Honor and he usually wears a small ribbon on the lapel of his suit coat denoting this. He also wears his West Point ring from the class of 1965. Using the terminology of dramaturgy, the lapel pin and lass ring would be classified as ______.
Responda
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Stages
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Background assumptions
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role performances
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props
Questão 37
Questão
A face-saving technique in which all parties involved in an embarrassing situation ignore it and continue their conversation or interaction as though the embarrassing situation never happened is referred to as _______.
Responda
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redefining the situation
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teamwork
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studied nonobservance
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impression management
Questão 38
Questão
If people define a situation as real, they are real in the consequences. This statement is known as the ______.
Responda
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Peter principle
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Thomas theorem
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Ouchi principle
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Garfinkel theorem
Questão 39
Questão
A statement that describes how variables are expected to be related to one another, often according to predictions from a theory, is known as a _______.
Responda
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correlation
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hypotheses
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secondary prediction
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primary function
Questão 40
Questão
Every research method has its drawbacks. Which method often leads the current researcher to question the manner in which the data were gathered, the accuracy of the data, and the training of the original researcher?
Responda
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Secondary analysis
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Participant observation
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Experiments
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interviews
Questão 41
Questão
When Peter Rossi and the National Opinion Research Center studied the homeless, it was necessary for them to develop a practical and accurate description to determine exactly what constituted being homeless. This description would be classified as a (n) ______.
Responda
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research objective
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hypothesis
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operational definition
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correlation
Questão 42
Questão
Matthew is completing his master's thesis, which addresses the culture of outlaw motorcycle gangs. For the past six months, he has been riding with the gang, observing and describing behaviors in an attempt to present a view of these groups from a gang members perspective. Like Mario Brajuha, he is determined to keep the identities of his subjects confidential. Which research method is Matthew employing?
Responda
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a case study
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documentary
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participant observation
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unobtrusive measures
Questão 43
Questão
The term "_________" refers to the extent to which different studies come up with similar results.
Responda
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Validity
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Replication
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Reliability
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duplication
Questão 44
Questão
In research, to generalize one's findings to a total population, what is the most important quality that the sample must possess?
Responda
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It must include at least 25% of the total population
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it must be representative of the total population
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it must consist of people who are selected and people who volunteer
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it must be quantitative in order to make comparisons
Questão 45
Questão
What is defining characteristic of a random sample?
Responda
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It consists of an equal number of men and women
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it is created by asking questions of people who randomly happen to walk by
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It gives each person in the population of interest an equal chance of being chosen
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it ensures that every person in the sample represents a specific racial, gender, or religious group
Questão 46
Questão
What is the major problem with using participant observation as a research tool?
Responda
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It often leads to finding a lack of generalizability
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It is unacceptable based on standards of the American Sociological Association
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it lacks both validity and reliability
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it is highly biased
Questão 47
Questão
What are three qualities on which research ethics is based?
Responda
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rapport, generalizability, validity
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honesty, truth, openness
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random sample, observation, fieldwork
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consistency, accuracy, clarity
Questão 48
Questão
What term best applies to people who share culture and a territory?
Responda
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a society
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a bureaucracy
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an aggregate
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a category
Questão 49
Questão
Although it is the most egalitarian, what was the one social division common to all hunting and gathering societies?
Responda
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Class differences based on relation ship to the means of production
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Prestige based on male labor
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Social class based on accumulated property
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Social stratification based on race
Questão 50
Questão
What was the impetus for the first social revolution?
Responda
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the domestication of plants and animals
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the invention of steam engine
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the invention of the plow
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the establishment of cities
Questão 51
Questão
The "dawn of civilization" is the most associated with which social revolution?
Responda
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domestication
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agriculture
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industrialization information
Questão 52
Questão
Why did the creation of the industrial society lead to greater social inequality?
Responda
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Class differences were minimized which created greater opportunity.
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The new technology was far more efficient than anything that preceded it, leading to larger surpluses and greater inequality
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Democracies replace monarchies and dictatorships encouraged capitalism.
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Intellectual capability increased with advances in science and technology
Questão 53
Questão
Which was the first nation to have an excess of 50% of its workforce in the service industries?
Responda
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The United States
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Germany
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Japan
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China
Questão 54
Questão
Some social analysts believe that postindustrial society will be followed by a biotech society. Such a society would be characterized by _____.
Responda
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a greater respect for the environment
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the merging of work and leisure activity
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an economy centering around application of genetic structures
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The elimination of fossil fuels
Questão 55
Questão
A group characterized by intimate, long-term, face-to-face association and cooperation is referred to as a ________.
Responda
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secondary group
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clique
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primary group
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community
Questão 56
Questão
______are the social ties that radiate outward from the self and link people together.
Responda
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Cyber socialization
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Secondary societies
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Social networks
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electronic communities
Questão 57
Questão
Who conducted the classic experiment addressing the power of peer pressure that included six stooges and one actual test subject viewing cards with lines of varying length?
Responda
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Stanley Milgram
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Robert Merton
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Philip Zimbardo
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Solomon Asch
Questão 58
Questão
What did Stanley Milgram's teacher-learner experiment demonstrate?
Responda
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A substantial number of people will inflict pain on others if ordered to do so by a person in a position of authority
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Most people conform to social norms, even when told to deviate from them by persons in authority
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Group conformity is the most important social relationship people seek to achieve
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Individualism is among the most cherished personal qualities one can possess
Questão 59
Questão
In group decision making, a form of tunnel vision that develops in which there is only one "right" viewpoint and suggested alternatives are perceived as signs of disloyalty is called _____.
Responda
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brainwashing
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groupthink
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mental programming
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group polarization
Questão 60
Questão
Sociologists usually embrace Freudian theory on personality development because of its universal acceptance among social sciences.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 61
Questão
Parents are the first significant others to teach children about the fundamental symbolic division of the world.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 62
Questão
Gender serves as the primary basis for social inequality.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 63
Questão
Social class, gender, race and ethnicity are aspects of one's life into the category of social location
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 64
Questão
Because of the power of peers and social institutions, we are all prisoners of socializtion
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 65
Questão
Conflict theorists and functionalists would most likely focus on things as social class and group relationships and would use the macrosociological approach.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 66
Questão
Ascribed status is involuntary and achieved status is voluntary.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 67
Questão
When an instrument measures what it is intended to measure, it is considered to possess the quality of reliability
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 68
Questão
The individuals that are inteded to represent the population to be studied are referred to as the sample
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 69
Questão
One of the liabilities in using the participant observation as a research method is that findings are difficult to generalize
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 70
Questão
In hunting and gathering societies, men routinely contributed the most food to the group
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 71
Questão
Inequality did not become a fundamental feature of life in society until the industrial revolution
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 72
Questão
The industrial revolution began in Great Britain in 1765 when the steam engine was first used to run machinery
Responda
- True
- False
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