Quiz
Psych Test 3
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Perguntas do quiz (46)
1____________ is the process of grouping separate pieces of information into a single unit in order to store more information in _____________.
- AChunking; working memory
- BDual-coding; sensory memory
- CCollecting; long-term memory
- DClumping; working memory
2Which of the following represents elaborative rehearsal strategies?
- ARepeating information over and over to oneself
- BCreating visual images based on the information to be remembered
- CMaking connections between the new information and the information already in long-term memory
- DBoth of the following:
*Creating visual images based on the information to be remembered
*Making connections between the new information and the information already in long-term memory
3Which of the following accurately describes the processing of information in working memory?
- AIt contains distinct storage systems.
- BIt requires cognitive resources – "mental energy," if you will.
- CIt can be improved by stress or anxiety.
- DBoth of the following:
*It contains distinct storage systems.
*It requires cognitive resources – "mental energy," if you will.
4Before going home, Dr. Rosen tries to flesh out his patient notes. He can remember the first and last sessions of the day, but his memory of the middle ones is a bit unclear. Dr. Rosen is a victim of the ___________ effect
- APrimacy
- BRecency
- CSerial position
- DAll of these
5Knowing how to shoot a basketball is an example of a(n) _____________ memory.
- AProcedural
- BDeclarative
- CSemantic
- DEpisodic
6The hippocampus plays a role in memory consolidation. Think back to the three memory processes described at the beginning of the chapter. It is probably most accurate to say that the hippocampus is more involved in ____________ than in ___________.
- AArchival research – existing data is examined to test a hypothesis
- BNaturalistic observation – an investigator observes some naturally occurring behavior and does not make a change in the situation
- CCase study – a sample is asked a series of questions about their thoughts, attitudes, or behaviors
- DNone of these is incorrectly matched.
7Estelle remembers the night she was mugged and brutally beaten. This memory probably involves not only her hippocampus but also her
- AAmygdala.
- BHypothalamus.
- CThalamus.
- DCerebellum.
8In a memory expert, Dr. Aziz gives one group of participants a recognition test of a list of words they had seen earlier; another group is asked to recall the words. What might you predict regarding the relative performance of the two groups on the memory test?
- AThe two groups should perform equivalently.
- BNo consistent prediction can be made without a consideration of other variables.
- CThe recall group should outperform the recognition group.
- DThe recognition group should outperform the recall group.
9According to levels-of-processing theory, which of the following students should retrieve information more successfully on classroom tests?
- ALevels-of-processing theory makes no prediction relevant to the situation.
- BGrant and Irene should retrieve information equally well on tests.
- CIrene, who attempts to relate her notes to information she has learned in other classes.
- DGrant, who attempts to memorize his notes.
10In the song "The Way We Were," Barbra Streisand asks if "time [has] rewritten every line." Has it? What does research on autobiographical memory have to say?
- AYes, it probably has. Our memories tend to be consistent with our current views of our self.
- BNo, it hasn't. Autobiographical memories are much more accurate than are our episodic memories regarding others.
- CYes, most likely it has. We tend to have much clearer memories of some periods of our lives than we have of other times.
- DBoth of the following:
*Yes, it probably has. Our memories tend to be consistent with our current views of our self.
*Yes, most likely it has. We tend to have much clearer memories of some periods of our lives than we have of other times.
11Which theory of forgetting is correctly matched with its description?
- ADecay – information is lost over time as a result of nonuse.
- BInterference – forgetting occurs when there are too few "triggers" to recall the information.
- Ccue-dependent – forgetting occurs because other information in memory disrupts the retrieval of the information we are trying to remember.
- DAll of these are correctly matched.
12Completing a rental application, Pippa finds she can't recall one of her previous addresses, as she's had several addresses since. Pippa is experiencing __________ interference.
- Aanterograde
- BRetroactive
- CProactive
- DRetrograde
13Your text suggests that to better remember course material you might make use of organizational aids; you might also take fewer notes but think more carefully about those you do take. These suggestions make sense in light of
- ALevels-of-processing theory.
- BThe benefits of elaborative rehearsal.
- CThe benefits of maintenance rehearsal.
- DBoth of the following:
*Levels-of-processing theory.
*The benefits of elaborative rehearsal.
14Frank lost the contact lens in the kitchen; he is searching for it by examining each floor tile in turn to see if the lens is contained within the square. Gemma also lost a lens in the kitchen; she is looking for it near the base of the fridge and around the stove, the two appliances she remembers using when she was last in the kitchen. Which of these individuals is using an algorithm?
- AFrank
- BBoth Frank and Gemma are using an algorithm.
- CNeither Frank, nor Gemma is using an algorithm.
- DGemma
15Lori and Monica are looking at the cans of coffee on display at the local supermarket. They are trying to decide, which of the two different-sized cans, is the better buy. Lori attempts to divide the price of each can by the number of ounces of coffee each contains. Monica suggests that "the larger size is usually the better by." Lori is using a(n) ____________; Monica, is using a(n) _____________.
- Aheuristic; prototype
- Balgorithm; heuristic
- Cprototype; algorithm
- Dheuristic; algorithm
16We are often prone to judge an individual by the extent to which he or she resembles our representation of a group or category of people; that is, we are prone to the__________ when forming impressions or making decisions about others.
- Aconfirmation bias
- Bavailability heuristic
- Cstereotypic bias
- Drepresentativeness heuristic
17Which of the following impediments to effective problem-solving is CORRECTLY matched with its definition?
- Afunctional fixedness – the tendency for old patterns of problem-solving to persist
- Bmental set – the tendency to think of an object only in terms of its customary use
- Cconfirmation bias – The tendency to favor existing hypothesis and to ignore evidence favoring alternatives
- DAll of these are correctly defined.
18Traditional intelligence tests tend to access ________ thinking; tests of creativity tap into _______________.
- Aconvergent; divergent thinking
- Bdivergent; convergent thinking
- Cdivergent; divergent thinking as well
- Dconvergent; convergent thinking as well
19Tina is 6 months old; Vincenzo is 2 years old; and Wayne is 3.5 years old. Which alternative below CORRECTLY pairs each child with the appropriate language acquisition stage or phenomenon?
- ATina – babbling; Vincenzo – telegraphic speech; Wayne – overgeneralization
- BTina – babbling; Vincenzo – overgeneralization; Wayne – telegraphic speech
- CTina – telegraphic speech; Vincenzo – babbling; Wayne – overgeneralization
- DTina – overgeneralization; Vincenzo – babbling; Wayne – telegraphic speech
20Which of the following is true about an infant's language production?
- AAn infant's babbling may incorporate sounds found in all languages.
- BThere is probably a sensitive period for being exposed to language sounds.
- COver time, infants begin to produce and respond to only those speech sounds found in the infant's native language.
- DAll of these.
21Your text reports the case of a girl named Genie, who was exposed to virtually no language from the age of 20 months until the age of 13. In what way does Genie's case offer support for the notion of a sensitive period in language acquisition?
- AOnce she was no longer isolated, Genie acquired a sizable vocabulary and eventually mastered the role of syntax, even without intensive formal instruction.
- BGenie's case is irrelevant to the notion of a sensitive period.
- CEven with intensive instruction, Genie acquired only a very small vocabulary at the age of 13; furthermore, she never mastered the complexities of language.
- DWith intensive instruction, Genie acquired a sizable vocabulary after the age of 13; moreover, she eventually mastered the rules of syntax.
22Practical intelligence relates to overall success in life; emotional intelligence relates to the ability to get along with others. Based on these definitions, what sort of correlation coefficient might a researcher expect between scores on a measure of practical intelligence and those on a measure of emotional intelligence?
- AA rather weak positive one
- BAt least a moderate positive one
- CA zero one
- DA negative one
23Which approach to motivation is CORRECTLY paired with a behavior to which it is especially appropriate?
- Adrive-reduction – eating
- Barousal – studying
- Ccognitive – riding roller coasters
- DAll of these are appropriately paired.
24Of the following individuals, whose behavior may most easily be explained using an arousal approach to motivation?
- AArtie, who loves to bungee jump
- BBarry, who buys an expensive watch he can't resist
- CCalista, who studies long hours to earn good grades
- DBoth of the following:
*Barry, who buys an expensive watch he can't resist
*Calista, who studies long hours to earn good grades
25A researcher develops a questionnaire to access the personality trait of impulsivity among adults. In a journal article, she presents evidence that college students tend to get essentially the same score if they take the test twice, two months apart. She also presents the average score, the highest score, and the lowest score obtained by two large samples: one of 2000 college students and one of 750 community-dwelling non--college adults. However, when you look at the sample questionnaire items she included in the article, it seems to you that they relate more to whether a person is sociable, outgoing, and fun then to whether an individual is impulsive. You are questioning the ____________ of the researcher's questionnaire.
- Areliability and the validity
- Breliability
- Cstandardization
- Dvalidity
26Why are there so many different approaches to motivation?
- ADifferent approaches are needed to explain different behaviors.
- BA large number of approaches is required to sufficiently confuse students new to psychology.
- CBecause it is important to have explanations that cover both natural instincts and social drives.
- DEven common behaviors such as eating may be motivated by many different factors.
27Social factors that contribute to eating – and over eating – include
- AEating at customary times of the day, even if we are not especially hungry.
- BThe tendency to associate eating with comfort, relief, and pleasure.
- CNorms regarding the size of portions.
- DAll of these
28With respect to the potential genetic basis of homosexuality, studies of identical twins have revealed that when one twin self-identifies as gay or lesbian,
- AThe other twin is no more likely to self-identify as gay or lesbian than is a random member of the population.
- BThe other twin is more likely to self-identify as gay or lesbian than is a random member of the population, but only when the twins were raised together.
- CThe other twin is more likely to self-identify as gay or lesbian than is a random member of the population, even when the twins were raised apart.
- DThe other twin is actually slightly less likely to self-identify as gay or lesbian than is a random member of the population.
29During advising week, Dylan asks his faculty advisor to identify the easiest course and teachers that would satisfy his degree requirements. Dylan's need for achievement is probably
- Amoderately high
- Bhigh.
- Cmoderate.
- Dlow.
30According to your text, the functions of emotions include which of the following?
- APreparing the individual for action
- BFacilitating learning
- CEnhancing communication with others
- DAll of these
31English lacks the specific term to refer to a mood of vulnerable heartache tinged by frustration. The Japanese language has a single term to refer to this feeling. This may mean that, compared to Japanese speakers, English speakers
- ACannot experience this feeling.
- BHave a harder time talking about this feeling.
- CMay have more difficulty experiencing this emotion.
- DBoth of these:
*Have a harder time talking about this feeling.
*May have more difficulty experiencing this emotion.
32Which alternative below correctly identifies one of the results in Schachter and Singer's experiment?
- AThe confederate's behavior had the expected effect on participants' emotional state.
- BThe injection of epinephrine had no effect on participants.
- CThe confederate's behavior had no effect on participants' emotional state.
- DThe confederate's behavior had unanticipated effects on participants' emotional state.
33The likelihood that the similarity between emotional expressions observed in the United States and those seen in Papa New Guinea actually reflect the role of "nurture" rather than that of "nature" is relatively low because
- AThere are substantial genetic differences between the two groups of people.
- BThe cultures have had extremely low contact with each other.
- CThe experiences of individuals in one of these cultures are probably vastly different from those of individuals in the other.
- DBoth of these:
*The cultures have had extremely low contact with each other.
*The experiences of individuals in one of these cultures are probably vastly different from those of individuals in the other.
34Ava and Bella are identical twins. They were adopted at birth by different families and raised in different environments. How are any similarities between Ava and Bella informative for developmental psychology, if indeed they are?
- ATheir similarities are not especially informative for developmental psychology.
- BTheir similarities reflect the influence of "nurture" on development.
- CTheir similarities reflect the influence of "nature" on development.
- DTheir similarities reflect the influence of a negative interaction between "nature" and "nurture" on development.
35Dominic's mother consumed a substantial amount of alcohol during her pregnancy; Dominic's intelligence is below normal, his growth is slowed, and his facial features are slightly deformed. Elijah's mother also consumed alcohol, and Elijah shows some but not all of the problems Dominic displays. Dominic suffers from ___________; Elijah, from ___________.
- Afetal alcohol syndrome; fetal alcohol effects
- Bfetal alcohol syndrome; fetal alcohol syndrome as well
- Cfetal alcohol effects; fetal alcohol effects as well
- Dfetal alcohol affects; fetal alcohol syndrome
36Area Harlow completed a number of studies in which baby rhesus monkeys were raised with two artificial mothers. One of the mothers was made of wire and delivered food; the other was made of cloth and provided no food. Harlow found that when the infant monkeys were startled or frightened, they
- Apreferred the cloth surrogate that did not provide food.
- Bshowed no clear preference, and ran to whichever circuit was closer.
- Cpreferred the wire surrogate that provided food
- Davoided both surrogates and huddled in a corner.
37Children who are securely, rather than ambivalently or avoidantly, attached during infancy
- Aare more socially and emotionally competent during childhood.
- Bare less likely to have psychological problems later on.
- Ctend to have more successful romantic relationships in adulthood.
- DAll of these are true
38Which of the following is a benefit of children's social interactions?
- AIt helps children interpret the meaning of others' behavior.
- BIt help children develop the capacity to respond appropriately to others' behavior.
- CIt helps children learn physical and emotional self-control.
- DAll these are benefits.
39Hailey's parents demand her strict obedience; "backtalk" is not tolerated. In Baumrind's terms, Hailey's parents are
- Aindifferent.
- Bauthoritative.
- Cpermissive.
- Dauthoritarian.
40Bonnie is 3 months old, and her parents attend only inconsistently to her needs. Sometimes they are very attentive, feeding her promptly when she cries and comforting her when she seems upset. Other times, Bonnie cries for a long time before her parents attend to her. Based on Erickson's theory, it is likely that Bonnie will develop
- Aa sense of inferiority.
- Ba general sense of mistrust.
- Crole confusion.
- Da sense of despair.
41Janel and Kendra were playing with two balls of clay. Kendra was molding a cake, and Janel was making a bowl. Janel then suggested that they get new balls of clay so they can make something different. Kendra informed her that no new clay was necessary, because the clay could be remolded to make different objects. Kendra is teaching the principles of ___________ to Janel.
- Aconversation
- Begocentric thought
- Creversibility
- Dobject permanence
42Twelve-year-old Nathaniel was having trouble solving the word problems in his math homework. However, when his dad helped him by reading the problems aloud and emphasizing the important information, Nathaniel could solve all the problems correctly. This interaction illustrates
- APiaget's concept of conservation.
- BPiaget's concept of concrete operational thought.
- CVygotsky's concept of the zone of proximal development.
- DErickson's concept of industry versus inferiority.
43Two children are participating in memory research: Heather, a preschooler, and Illeana, a sixth-grader. When the children fail a recall task, the researcher asks each child what she might do to succeed at the task the next time. Heather suggests that she would simply try again; Illeana proposes that she might try to write the items down. The difference in the girls' responses most clearly illustrates an increase in __________ during childhood.
- Aoperational thinking
- Bmetacognitive ability
- Cmemory capacity
- Dproximal development
44Dr. Andrew remarks that cross-culturally, rights of passage may be more common for young males than for young females, because males have higher status than do females in most cultures. Dr. Blaine counters by suggesting that rites of passage may be more common for young males than for young females, because unlike females, males do not experience the onset of menstruation, a well-defined event marking the end of childhood. How might you characterize the views of the two professors on the nature vs. nurture issue?
- ADr. Andrew takes a "nature" position; Dr. Blaine, a "nurture" position.
- BDr. Andrew takes a "nurture" position; Dr. Blaine, a "nature" position.
- CBoth take a "nature" position.
- DBoth take a "nurture" position.
45According to your text, approximately what proportion of American children will experience the breakup of their parents' marriage?
- AOne-half
- BTwo-fifths
- COne-third
- DOne-quarter
46Dr. Ledet finds that on average, the scores of his older adult participants on the standardized intelligent test are lower than those of his younger adult participants. Although these results might suggest that intellectual functioning declined in later adulthood, which of the following alternative explanations must be taken into account?
- AThe older adults may be less healthy physically than the younger participants.
- BThe older adults may have less formal education on average than might their younger counterparts.
- CThe standardized test may fail to tap into practical intelligence, an area which might be less susceptible to decline with age.
- DAll of these alternatives should be considered.
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- Quiz sobre Psych Test 3, criado por Brian K Huffaker em 20-07-2016.
- Autor
- Brian K Huffaker
- Idioma
- English
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